Environmental arginine controls multinuclear giant cell metabolism and formation

Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are implicated in many diseases including schistosomiasis, sarcoidosis and arthritis. MGC generation is energy intensive to enforce membrane fusion and cytoplasmic expansion. Using receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Beta ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclastogenesis to model MGC formation, here we report RANKL cellular programming requires extracellular arginine. Systemic arginine restriction improves outcome in multiple murine arthritis models and its removal induces preosteoclast metabolic quiescence, associated with impaired tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function and metabolite induction. Effects of arginine deprivation on osteoclastogenesis are independent of mTORC1 activity or global transcriptional and translational inhibition. Arginine scarcity also dampens generation of IL-4 induced MGCs. Strikingly, in extracellular arginine absence, both cell types display flexibility as their formation can be restored with select arginine precursors. These data establish how environmental amino acids control the metabolic fate of polykaryons and suggest metabolic ways to manipulate MGC-associated pathologies and bone remodelling. Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are important in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Here, the authors demonstrate that extracellular presence of the amino acid arginine is required for MGC formation and metabolism, suggesting a translational impact for strategies utilizing systemic arginine depletion in MGC-mediated diseases

Usage of nanogenerators as active sensors in IoT

In this paper we propose the review of currently used nanogenerators that can be used as active sensors. Because the Wireless sensor network (WSN) plays an important role in the part of Internet of Things (IoT) in sensing, tracking and monitoring, it is an important task to design the WSN nodes as energy efficient, smart and autonomous units. Most of WSN nodes need an external power source supply such as Li - Ion battery which is limiting aspect in practical applications and environmental waste. Nanog enerators can lead to self - powered WSN nodes

Design of System-on-Chip (SoC) with Embedded Cryptographic Module for Internet-of-Things (IoT)

The work was supported by the Brno University of Technology project no. FEKT-S-14-2300: "New types of electronic circuits and sensors for specific applications".This paper proposes the design of specific System-on-chip (SoC) that can be seen on Fig.1, with basic and most used cryptographic functions such as SHA-256, RSA and AES, as well as SHA-3 candidates in form of X11 hash algorithm embedded as modules for faster processing of these functions. This article deals with Dynamic Routing that is implemented in X11 algorithm for advanced output of the hash function. The platform also includes the most common communication standards, such as UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, GPIO and can be connected to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet modules etc. The design and verification is done using the Virtual Platform methodology. This proposed System-on-chip (SoC) design aims to provide an example of software development and syste