Új diagnosztikai és műtéti eljárások keresése a gyermekkorban végzett hólyagmegnagyobbító és -potló műtétek utáni postoperatív metabolikus zavarok megelőzésére és a malignizáció korai felismerésére = New diagnostic and surgical therapeutic possibilities for prevention of metabolic distrurbances and early detection of malignancy following bladder augmentation and substitution in children

Munkacsoportunk 1987 óta összesen 86 hólyagmegnagyobbítást vagy hólyagpótlást végzett gyermekekben és fiatal felnőttekben. A pályázat időtartama (2004-2008) alatt összesen 66, a fenti műtéteken átesett (ebből 35 több mint 10 éve operált) beteg visszarendelését és részletes után vizsgálatát végeztük el. 2008 végéig 57 beteg került a prospektíve nyomonkövetett betegek csoportjába, akiket a pályázatban leírt protokoll szerint követünk nyomon. A pályázat segítségével 4 nemzetközi közlemény született (1) a re-augmentatio szükségességérről, a hólyag-megnagyobbítás sikertelenségének okairól (2) a betegek cystometriás méréseinek eredményeiről (3) a betegek életminőségének alakulásáról valamint (4) összefoglaló tanulmány a húgyhólyag megnagyobbításáról. Az általunk, állatkísérletes modellben bevezetett, a húgyhólyag vastagbéllel és gyomorral egyszerre és egyidejűleg történő megnagyobbításáról (composite hólyag) metodikai közleményt jelent meg hazai folyóiratban. A betegek immunhisztokémiai és submikroszkópos vizsgálatainak alapján a hólyagmegnagyobbításra felhasznált tápcsatorna részben a MUC-2 fehérje expressziója idővel csökken. Az eredeti hólyagrész mucosajaban ugyanezen fehérje a húgyhólyag megnagyobbításakor nem mutatható ki, idővel azonban kis mértekben expresszalodik. A fenti marker változásai a hólyagmegnagyobbításra felhasznált szövetekben pre-malignus jelként értékelhetőek. A kutatás ezen eredményeit további vizsgálatokat követően, később kívánjuk publikálni. | Since 1987, our group has performed 86 bladder enlargement or bladder replacement surgeries in children and adolescents. During the tendering period (2004-2008), 66 patients out of the all operated cases have been under continuous follow up, 35 of them have more than 10 years of follow up. Until the end of 2008, 57 patients have been included in prospective follow up group. These patients are followed as described in the tendering protocol. By the help of the tender, 4 international manuscripts have been published: 1). Reasons of a repeated operation (re-augmentation) in 3 patients, failure of bladder enlargement and potential reasons for this failure. 2). Results of cystometry measurements. 3). Evaluation of patients? quality of life. 4). A review of the bladder augmentation in childhood. Another publication about experimental surgery of simultaneous bladder, large bowel and stomach enlargement (?composite? bladder) has been reported in Hungary. According to the immunohistochemistry and submicroscopic examinations, the level of MUC-2 protein of the bowel used for bladder enlargement has gradually declined by time. In the original bladder mucosa (normal urothelium), this protein cannot be detected during bladder enlargement, however, it is expressed gradually in small quantity. The changes of aforementioned protein can be used as a pre-malignant marker in the tissues. In future, we will report our results of submicroscopic results of these examinations

A minimális residualis betegség vizsgálatának jelentősége myeloma multiplex kezelése után = Impact of minimal residual disease detection after treatment of multiple myeloma

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: Számos klinikai vizsgálat igazolta myeloma multiplexben a minimális residualis betegség (MRD) prognosztikai jelentőségét. Célkitűzés: A 2007 és 2017 között kezelt myelomás beteganyagunk feldolgozása, első vonalban adott kezelés után, áramlásos citometriával (FCM) meghatározott MRD függvényében. Módszer: A fenti időszakban kezelt 107 betegből 56 esetben (medián életkor: 68 év) történt MRD-felmérés a kezelés után. A kezelések 91%-ában bortezomibbázisú indukció, 50%-ában autológcsontvelő-transzplantáció (ASCT) is történt. MRD-meghatározás: csontvelői mintából történt FCM (az esetek többségében kórházunkban, BD FACScan, 3 szín, panel: CD38, CD138, CD19, CD45, CD56, CD28, CD117, cyKappa, cyLambda, 100 000 esemény). Statisztikai analízis: SPSS 13.0. Eredmények: Az MRD-negatív (n = 22) betegek progressziómentes (PFS) és teljes túlélése (OS) is szignifikánsan hosszabb az MRD-pozitív (n = 34) betegekénél (PFS medián 54 vs. 22 hónap, p = 0,001, 5 éves túlélés 79 vs. 21%, p = 0,002). A komplett remisszióba (CR) került betegcsoporton (n = 29) belül is szignifikánsan szétváltak a túlélési görbék (MRD-negatív CR [n = 17] PFS: 60 hónap, MRD-pozitív CR [n = 12]: 21 hónap, p<0,001). MRD-negatív „nagyon jó parciális remisszióban” (VGPR) (n = 5) hasonló PFS-t mértünk (54 hónap), mint MRD-negatív CR esetén. ASCT-n átesett, MRD-negatív betegeknél (n = 11) találtuk a leghosszabb PFS-t (68 hónap, p<0,001), míg a transzplantáció után MRD-pozitív betegeknél (n = 18) hasonlóan rövid (25 hónapos) volt a PFS, mint akiknél (n = 15) nem történt transzplantáció, és volt kimutatható residualis betegségük (21 hónap). Multivarianciaanalízis (stádium, citogenetikai rizikó, ASCT) alapján is független prognosztikai faktor az MRD a PFS és OS szempontjából, nem találtunk azonban összefüggést az MRD és az alábbi paraméterek között: stádium, citogenetikai rizikó, kezelési ciklusok száma, ASCT. Következtetés: A myeloma indukciós kezelését követően elért válasz mélysége a túlélés független prediktora. Indokolt a laborvizsgálatok mellett meghatározni a maradék betegség tömegét, és megfontolni a konszolidáló és/vagy fenntartó kezelést MRD-pozitív esetekben ASCT után, MRD eradikálására kell törekedni a kezelésre alkalmas betegeknél. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(13): 502–508. | Abstract: Introduction: Prognostic impact of the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM) has been confirmed in numerous studies. Aim: Retrospective examination of our patient database (107 newly diagnosed multiple myelomas between 2007 and 2017). Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed as MRD assessment. Method: MRD assessment was performed in 56 patients (median age: 68 years), after induction treatment of multiple myeloma. The treatment contained bortezomib in 91%, autologous haematopoetic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was perfomed in 50%. MRD detection was performed on bone marrow samples, predominantly in our hospital (BD FACScan, 3 colour, panel: CD38, CD138, CD19, CD45, CD56, CD28, CD117, cyKappa, cyLambda, 100 000 events). Statistical analysis: SPSS 13.0. Results: The progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in MRD negative (n = 22) patients (PFS: 54 months, OS: 79% after 5 years) than MRD positive patients (n = 34, PFS: 22 months, OS 21% after 5 years, p = 0.001). Patients achieving complete response (CR) (n = 29) have different PFS (MRD negative CR: 60 months, MRD positive CR: 21 months, p<0.001). Patents achiving MRD negative very good partial response (n = 5) have similar PFS (54 months) as patients with MRD negative CR. The longest PFS (68 months) was observed in MRD negative patients, after ASCT (n = 11), while the PFS was significantly (p<0.001) shorter in patients who were MRD positive after ASCT (n = 18, PFS: 25 months), similarly in MRD positive patients without ASCT (n = 15, PFS 21 months). Cox regression analysis (stage, cytogenetic risk, ASCT) confirmed that MRD is an independent prognostic factor of PFS and OS. We did not find significant relationship between MRD and stage, cytogenetic risk, number of treatment cycles, ASCT. Conclusions: The depth of response after induction treatment of MM is an independent predictor of survival. MRD assessment with FCM is recommended to define response. Consideration of maintenance treatment in MRD positive patients and eradication of MRD are also recommended. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(13): 502–508

Effects of Thymus vulgaris L., Cinnamomum verum J.Presl and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Essential Oils in the Endotoxin-induced Acute Airway Inflammation Mouse Model

Thyme (TO), cinnamon (CO), and Ceylon type lemongrass (LO) essential oils (EOs) are commonly used for inhalation. However, their effects and mechanisms on inflammatory processes are not well-documented, and the number of in vivo data that would be important to determine their potential benefits or risks is low. Therefore, we analyzed the chemical composition and investigated the activity of TO, CO, and LO on airway functions and inflammatory parameters in an acute pneumonitis mouse model. The components of commercially available EOs were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Airway inflammation was induced by intratracheal endotoxin administration in mice. EOs were inhaled during the experiments. Airway function and hyperresponsiveness were determined by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography on conscious animals. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured by spectrophotometry from lung tissue homogenates, from which semiquantitative histopathological scores were assessed. The main components of TO, CO, and LO were thymol, cinnamaldehyde, and citronellal, respectively. We provide here the first evidence that TO and CO reduce inflammatory airway hyperresponsiveness and certain cellular inflammatory parameters, so they can potentially be considered as adjuvant treatments in respiratory inflammatory conditions. In contrast, Ceylon type LO inhalation might have an irritant e�ect (e.g., increased airway hyperresponsiveness and MPO activity) on the inflamed airways, and therefore should be avoided

Complex Regulatory Role of the TRPA1 Receptor in Acute and Chronic Airway Inflammation Mouse Models

The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel expressed on capsaicin-sensitive afferents, immune and endothelial cells is activated by inflammatory mediators and exogenous irritants, e.g., endotoxins, nicotine, crotonaldehyde and acrolein. We investigated its involvement in acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation using Trpa1 gene-deleted (Trpa1-/-) mice. Acute pneumonitis was evoked by intranasal Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) administration, chronic bronchitis by daily cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) for 4 months. Frequency, peak inspiratory/expiratory flows, minute ventilation determined by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography were significantly greater, while tidal volume, inspiratory/expiratory/relaxation times were smaller in Trpa1-/- mice. LPS-induced bronchial hyperreactivity, myeloperoxidase activity, frequency-decrease were significantly greater in Trpa1-/- mice. CSE significantly decreased tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory/expiratory flows in wildtypes, but not in Trpa1-/- mice. CSE remarkably increased the mean linear intercept (histopathology), as an emphysema indicator after 2 months in wildtypes, but only after 4 months in Trpa1-/- mice. Semiquantitative histopathological scores were not different between strains in either models. TRPA1 has a complex role in basal airway function regulation and inflammatory mechanisms. It protects against LPS-induced acute pneumonitis and hyperresponsiveness, but is required for CSE-evoked emphysema and respiratory deterioration. Further research is needed to determine TRPA1 as a potential pharmacological target in the lung

Differential Regulatory Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase–Activating Polypeptide in the Serum-Transfer Arthritis Model

OBJECTIVE: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) expressed in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons and immune cells has divergent functions in inflammatory and pain processes. This study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of PACAP in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Arthritis was induced in PACAP(-/-) and wild-type (PACAP(+/+) ) mice by K/BxN serum transfer. General features of the disease were investigated by semiquantitative scoring, plethysmometry, and histopathologic analysis. Mechano- and thermonociceptive thresholds and motor functions were also evaluated. Metabolic activity was assessed by positron emission tomography. Bone morphology was measured by in vivo micro-computed tomography, myeloperoxidase activity and superoxide production by bioluminescence imaging with luminol and lucigenin, respectively, and vascular permeability by fluorescent indocyanine green dye study. RESULTS: PACAP(+/+) mice developed notable joint swelling, reduced grasping ability, and mechanical (but not thermal) hyperalgesia after K/BxN serum transfer. In PACAP(-/-) mice clinical scores and edema were significantly reduced, and mechanical hyperalgesia and motor impairment were absent, throughout the 2-week period of observation. Metabolic activity and superoxide production increased in the tibiotarsal joints of wild-type mice but were significantly lower in PACAP(-/-) animals. Myeloperoxidase activity in the ankle joints of PACAP(-/-) mice was significantly reduced in the early phase of arthritis, but increased in the late phase. Synovial hyperplasia was also significantly increased, and progressive bone spur formation was observed in PACAP-deficient mice only. CONCLUSION: In PACAP-deficient mice with serum-transfer arthritis, joint swelling, vascular leakage, hyperalgesia, and early inflammatory cell accumulation are reduced; in the later phase of the disease, immune cell function and bone neoformation are increased. Elucidation of the underlying pathways of PACAP activity may open promising new avenues for development of therapy in inflammatory arthritis. © 2014 The Authors. Arthritis & Rheumatology is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology

Molekuláris citogenetikai vizsgálatok Baranya és Tolna megye plazmasejtes myelomában szenvedő betegein = Molecular cytogenetic analyses of patients with plasma cell myeloma in Tolna and Baranya counties in Hungary

Bevezetés: A plazmasejtes myeloma változatos klinikai lefolyással járó hematológiai malignitás, melyhez heterogén genetikai háttér társul. A betegség patogeneziséhez és progressziójához asszociáltan gyakran jelennek meg visszatérő kromoszomális és szubkromoszomális eltérések, melyek diagnóziskor való kimutatása segíti a betegek genetikai karakterizálását, klasszifikációját és prognosztikai besorolását. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunkban átfogóan értékeltük a Pécsi Klinikai Központ és a Tolna Megyei Balassa János Kórház plazmasejtes myelomában szenvedő betegein 2005 és 2018 között általunk elvégzett molekuláris citogenetikai vizsgálatok eredményeit. Módszer: Az említett periódusban 231 beteg csontvelői és perifériás vérmintájában szűrtünk visszatérő genetikai aberrációkat fluoreszcens in situ hibridizációval. A módszerrel az immunglobulin-nehézlánc-gént érintő kromoszómatranszlokációkat, az 1p és 17p kromoszómakarokat érintő vesztéseket, az 1q kromoszómakart érintő többletet, valamint a 13-as kromoszómát érintő kiegyensúlyozatlan aberrációkat vizsgáltuk. Negyvenkét beteg mintáján multiplex ligatiofüggő szondaamplifikációval vizsgáltuk az 1p, 1q, 5q, 12p, 13q, 16q és 17p kromoszómakarok jellemző vesztéseit és többleteit. A vizsgált időszakban 116 csontvelői mintán kariotipizálásra is sor került. Eredmények: Összesen 233 genetikai eltérést azonosítottunk célzottan, az aberrációk gyakorisága megfelelt a korábbi nemzetközi tanulmányok által látottaknak. Azonos kromoszómakarokat fluoreszcens in situ hibridizációval, valamint multiplex ligatiofüggő szondaamplifikációval vizsgálva az eredmények 96,2%-os egyezést mutattak. Az utóbbi technikával a fluoreszcens in situ hibridizációval detektált abnormalitásokon túl további 21 kiegyensúlyozatlan genetikai aberrációt azonosítottunk 16/42 betegben (38%). Következtetés: Eredményeink alapján az általunk használt két molekuláris citogenetikai módszer együttes alkalmazása jelentősen segítheti a jövőben a plazmasejtes myelomában szenvedő hazai betegek átfogóbb genetikai karakterizálását. Introduction: Plasma cell myeloma is a hematological malignancy with heterogeneous genomic landscape and diverse clinical course. Recurrent chromosomal and subchromosomal aberrations commonly occur in this entity and are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. The identification of these alterations aids genetic characterization, classification and prognostication of patients. Aim: Molecular cytogenetic investigations of plasma cell myeloma patients treated at the University of Pécs Clinical Center and János Balassa County Hospital of Tolna County, Szekszárd, between 2005 and 2018 were evaluated in our study. Method: 231 patients were screened for genetic aberrations using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, losses of 1p and 17p chromosome arms, gains of 1q chromosome arm and unbalanced aberrations of chromosome 13 were investigated. Losses and gains of 1p, 1q, 5q, 12p, 13q, 16q and 17p chromosome arms were analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe implification in 42 patients. During the investigated period, 116 bone marrow karyotyping was also performed. Results: In total, 233 genetic aberrations were identified using our targeted approaches; the frequency of specific aberrations correlated with data of the recent literature. Concordance of results gained by fluorescence in situ hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was 96.2% by analyzing the same chromosome arms. The latter technique revealed 21 additional genetic aberrations in 16/42 patient samples (38%) as compared to fluorescence in situ hybridization. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the combined application of the two molecular cytogenetic methods may facilitate a more detailed characterization of genetic aberrations of plasma cell myeloma patients in Hungary

The effects of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) essential oil in an endotoxin-induced acute airway inflammation mouse model

Inflammatory lung diseases affect a large population at every age worldwide. Essential oils (EOs) can easily reach the respiratory tract via inhalation due to their volatility. The antiinflammatory effect of EOs is poorly studied and there are only a few in vivo data. Therefore, we investigated the chemical composition and effects of Scots pine EO in the endotoxin-induced acute airway inflammation model in mice. The EO was selected on the basis of its potent antibacterial activity.                The chemical composition of the EO was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Airway inflammation was evoked by 100 µg intratracheal endotoxin administration (Escherichia coli 083 lipopolysaccharide: LPS) to female C57BL/6 mice (n=8/group). There were three 30-min long inhalation sessions of the EO for during the 24-h period of the experiments. Airway function was measured by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography in conscious, awake animals. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was determined by spectrophotometry from lung homogenates, while the semiquantitative histopathological score was evaluated from hematoxylin-eosin stained lung sections.                α-Pinene (39.4%) was the main component of the tested Scots pine oil. The inhalation of the EO significantly reduced peak inspiratory and expiratory flow and LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness compared to the paraffin oil-treated controls. Scots pine oil significantly reduced the perivascular edema formation. However, the EO significantly increased MPO activity. Scots pine oil or its components may be considered as a potential adjuvant in the treatment of respiratory symptoms

Pinus sylvestris L. and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry Essential Oils Inhibit Endotoxin-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity despite Aggravated Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mice.

Scots pine (SO) and clove (CO) essential oils (EOs) are commonly used by inhalation, and their main components are shown to reduce inflammatory mediator production. The aim of our research was to investigate the chemical composition of commercially available SO and CO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and study their effects on airway functions and inflammation in an acute pneumonitis mouse model. Inflammation was evoked by intratracheal endotoxin and EOs were inhaled three times during the 24 h experimental period. Respiratory function was analyzed by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography, lung inflammation by semiquantitative histopathological scoring, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and cytokine measurements. α-Pinene (39.4%) was the main component in SO, and eugenol (88.6%) in CO. Both SO and CO significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, and prevented peak expiratory flow, tidal volume increases and perivascular edema formation. Meanwhile, inflammatory cell infiltration was not remarkably affected. In contrast, MPO activity and several inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, KC, MCP-1, MIP-2, TNF-α) were aggravated by both EOs. This is the first evidence that SO and CO inhalation improve airway function, but enhance certain inflammatory parameters. These results suggest that these EOs should be used with caution in cases of inflammation-associated respiratory diseases