The role of music training in learning L2

Does music training play a role in learning English as a second language? The aim of this thesis is to show whether students attending a music school find learning English easier than students from a regular elementary school. Many studies show a connection between music and language, with music playing a big role in learning a language, because students are more relaxed, their anxiety levels are lower, and they enjoy the learning process. The term “musicolinguistics” is used to connect music to language, as it means that terms from language science are adapted to the musicological framework. The sample of this study consisted of 61 students, grades 7 and 8, who filled out a questionnaire based on the Likert scale. The results of the study show that there is no statistically relevant difference between music school students and regular elementary school students in how they perceive their English knowledge. Further research is needed in order to determine whether these findings are truly reliable

Primjena terminoloških načela na sinonimne tehničke nazive

U nazivljima različitih struka supostoje sinonimni parovi i sinonimni nizovi naziva. U znanstvenome stilu, odnosno u jeziku struke sinonimi opterećuju nazivlje i otežavaju razumijevanje teksta, odnosno komunikaciju među stručnjacima. Primjenom terminoloških načela moguće se sinonimne nazive vrednovati te odabrati ili predložiti preporučeni naziv koji bi sustavnom uporabom nakon nekog vremena u praksi mogao prevladati. U radu je oprimjerena primjena terminoloških načela, uspostavljenih u sklopu projekta STRUNA, na tehničko nazivlje te je upozoreno na potrebu suradnje stručnjaka i jezikoslovaca u sređivanju i razvoju hrvatskoga nazivlja

Zlatna elektroda modificirana kompleksom bakar-histidin kao moguća senzorska površina za prepoznavanje histidina i humanog albumina

Histidine monolayer was adsorbed on the surface of the gold electrode and further tailored with Cu2+ cation with the aim to investigate adsorption of histidine (His) and human serum albumin (HSA). Formation of the layer on the surface of the gold electrode was confirmed with quartz crystal microbalance. Binding of the His and HSA onto the modified electrode was successfully done for a wide range of tested concentrations. Electrode response was linearly proportional to the concentration of His and HSA with the correlation coefficients R2 = 0.9895 and R2 = 0.9952 respectively.Histidinski monosloj adsorbiran je na zlatnu elektrodu i dalje modificiran kationom Cu2+. Cilj je bio istražiti vezanje histidina (His) i humanog albumina (HSA) na tako pripremljenu površinu. Formiranje sloja na površini zlatne elektrode potvrđeno je kvarcnom mikrovagom. Vezanje histidina i humanog albumina na modificiranu elektrodu uspješno je izvršeno za širok raspon ispitivanih koncentracija. Dobiven je odziv linearno proporcionalan koncentraciji histidina i humanog albumina s koeficijentom korelacije R2 = 0,9895 odnosno R2 = 0,9952

The application of terminological principles to synonymous engineering terms

U nazivljima različitih struka supostoje sinonimni parovi i sinonimni nizovi naziva. U znanstvenome stilu, odnosno u jeziku struke sinonimi opterećuju nazivlje i otežavaju razumijevanje teksta, odnosno komunikaciju među stručnjacima. Primjenom terminoloških načela moguće je sinonimne nazive vrednovati te odabrati ili predložiti preporučeni naziv koji bi sustavnom uporabom nakon nekog vremena u praksi mogao prevladati. U radu je oprimjerena primjena terminoloških načela, uspostavljenih u sklopu projekta STRUNA, na tehničko nazivlje te je upozoreno na potrebu suradnje stručnjaka i jezikoslovaca u sređivanju i razvoju hrvatskoga nazivlja.The paper deals with the terminological principles to be applied to synonymous Croatian engineering terms. Engineering, like any other science or professional fi eld, has its own terminology which often includes synonymous terms, i.e. terms with the same or similar meanings. As opposed to literary texts, the use of synonyms in scientific and professional texts should be avoided because it can cause confusion. The national programme called STRUNA (e. Development of the Croatian Special Field Terminology) brings together scientists engaged in different fields and linguists who have developed fundamental terminological principles. These principles provide a sound foundation for the evaluation of terms used in practice and for the selection of the best term among synonymous terms as well as for the recommendation of a new term if no term currently used can be recommended for use. The best term, however, is to be considered and selected for each particular case because sometimes there is a contradiction between the terminological principles

Dysphagia in the head and neck diseases

Pojam disfagija odnosi se na osjećaj da postoji zapreka pri prolasku hrane ili tekućine od usta do želuca. Takva poteškoća može biti znak i simptom mnogih bolesti, ali je disfagija češće samostalno stanje koje može biti primarna dijagnoza. Poteškoće pri gutanju često su posljedica poremećaja u jednjaku. U otorinolaringologiji je disfagija podijeljena, ovisno o lokalizaciji, na orofaringealnu i ezofagealnu. Uzroci orofaringealne disfagije mogu biti neuromuskularni poremećaji, kao što su moždani udar ili miastenija gravis, i opstruktivne lezije, npr. razne neoplazme ili upalni procesi. Ezofagealnu disfagiju uzrokuju poremećaji motiliteta jednjaka ili stanja koja opstruiraju protok bolusa hrane kroz jednjak do želuca. Smetnja pri potiskivanju hrane ili tekućine prema dolje je glavni simptom, ali disfagija se može prikazati kao kašljanje, gušenje, pročišćivanje grla, nazalni govor ili regurgitacija neprobavljene hrane. Anamneza i fizikalni pregled su uvijek prvi korak u dijagnosticiranju disfagije. Za otkrivanje uzroka problema gutanja postoji nekoliko dijagnostičkih pretraga: videofluorokopija akta gutanja, fiberendoskopija ždrijela i grkljana, manometrija jednjaka i scintigrafija tehnecijem. Liječenje disfagije ovisi o uzroku, vrsti i težini kliničke slike. Za orofaringealnu disfagiju najčešće se koriste metode rehabilitacije gutanja, a za liječenje uzroka ezofagealne disfagije pristupa se kirurškim postupcima.The term dysphagia refers to the feeling of difficult passing of food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach. Such a difficulty can be a sign and a symptom of many diseases but more often dysphagia is a condition by itself and the term is used as a primary diagnose. Difficulty in swallowing is often caused by esophageal disorders. In the ear, nose and throat area, dysphagia is divided into two smaller anatomic regions, the oropharyngeal and the esophageal region. Oropharyngeal dysphagia can be caused by neuromuscular disorders, such as stroke or myasthenia gravis, and by obstructive lesions such as various neoplasms or an inflammatory process. Esophageal dysphagia is caused by disordered peristaltic motility or conditions that obstruct the flow of a food bolus through the esophagus into the stomach. Difficulty in getting food or liquid to go down is the main symptom, but dysphagia can also be manifested in the form of coughing, choking, throat clearing, nasal speech or regurgitation of undigested food. Medical history and physical examination are the first step in diagnosing dysphagia. In order to determine the cause of the swallowing problem several tests are commonly carried out, such as barium x-ray, fiberoptic endoscopic swallowing evaluation, esophageal manometry and scintigraphy. The treatment depends on the cause, type and severity of a patient’s problems. Swallowing rehabilitation methods are mostly used in the treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia, and surgical procedures are applied in the treatment of esophageal swallowing problems

Skupine imenica + imenica u genitivu i pridjev + imenica u znanstvenome nazivlju

U radu se analiziraju imenske skupine ustrojstva imenica + imenica u genitivu te pridjev + imenica na primjerima znanstvenih naziva različitih područja (osobito tehničkih, a potom i ostalih) u prvome redu s obzirom na normativno pravilo na temelju kojega se normativna prednost u standardnome jeziku (pa time i u znanstvenome nazivlju) daje skupini pridjev + imenica ako je značenje skupina o kojima je riječ isto. Polazeći od činjenice da su u znanstvenome nazivlju brojni nazivi u kojima se to pravilo ne poštuje propituju se izvori i dosezi toga pravila i formaliziraju oni slučajevi u kojima se takve zamjene ne provode. Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti odnos između dvaju načina modificiranja imenice (pridjevom ili imenicom u genitivu) u nazivlju, utvrditi koji su čimbenici koji utječu na mogućnost/nemogućnost preoblike jednoga ustrojstva u drugo te utvrditi doseg spomenutoga normativnog pravila. Proučavanjem naziva obaju ustrojstava koji se upotrebljavaju u istome značenju (npr. osovina kočnice i kočnička osovina, lanac dizalice i dizalični lanac, ležajna nestabilnost i nestabilnost ležaja, vratilo pogona i pogonsko vratilo, medijska odgovornost i odgovornost medija, medijski pravobranitelj i pravobranitelj medija, programski monitoring i monitoring programa), što u pravilu upućuje na nelagodu u prihvaćanju spomenutoga pravila, te naziva koji imaju samo jedno od spomenutih ustrojstava (os ležaja, dijelovi ležaja, ploča remena, glava cilindra, ventil motora, glava pile, brzina rezanja, prototip motora, smjer vlakana, bolest bubrega, upala jetre ; pogonski kotač, usisni ventil, bubrežni kamenac, jetrene probe) te onih koji su tvoreni s pomoću obaju modela, ali se upotrebljavaju u različitome značenju (metalno prevlačenje i prevlačenje metala, medijska pismenost i pismenost medija) izvode se zaključci na temelju kojih bi to pravilo trebalo dopuniti i preoblikovati

Technical Terms in the Dictionaries of Foreign Words by A. B. Klaić

U radu se daje prikaz tehničkih odnosno strojarskih naziva u prvim četirima izdanjima Rječnika stranih riječi koje je sastavio i priredio sâm Klaić. Analiza uključuje način definiranja pojma, leksikografsku obradu rječničkoga članka kao i osvrt na dopunjavanje novim natuknicama u svakome od četiriju izdanja Rječnika. U radu se donose i primjeri strojarskih germanizama kako su popisani u Klaićevu Rječniku te osvrt na kratice i pokrate kao važno obilježje tehničkoga jezika.The paper deals with the technical terms that can be found in the first four editions of the Dictionary of Foreign Words, Phrases and Abbreviations (Rječnik stranih riječi, izraza i kratica) by Adolf Bratoljub Klaić published between 1951 and 1966, which were written and prepared for publication by the author himself. Definitions and/or explanations of technical terms are analysed to find out how sometimes complex concepts related to engineering and mechanical engineering in particular are explained to the average reader. Further, the comparison between the dictionary entry organisation in the first and in the second edition shows that Klaić improved the entries by having added information to the second edition both in relation to the content (meaning) and the language (information about accents, some grammar and orthography information). Several examples of terms related to the field of materials, subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, illustrate how Klaić was dealing with these, at that time newly created, technical terms in every subsequent edition. Finally, the paper considers examples of numerous technical germanisms used by engineers in their everyday communication as well as the fact that abbreviations of chemical elements and units of measurement are included whereas technical acronyms are not included in the Dictionary

SYNONYMOUS TERMS IN TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY

The article focuses on the results of a survey conducted among students of mechanical engineering on synonymous terms used in the Croatian technical terminology. The survey also provided an opportunity to discuss how the best term among several Croatian synonymous terms is to be chosen, i.e. recommended for use. The discussion includes expert (technical) and linguistic (Croatian terminological principles) reasons for the choice. The findings of the survey show that students choose recommended terms based on both their expert and language knowledge. Student choices are also often influenced by the frequency at which a term is used in practice, i.e. how often they come across the term in professional literature they use and the fact that they repeatedly hear their university teachers to use the term in classes