104 research outputs found
Elkerülő magatartás és korai tárgykapcsolatokra való visszaemlékezés : az agorafóbiás élményekkel kapcsolatos fokozott érzékenység alakulása egészséges fiatal felnőtteknél = Enhanced sensitivity to fear-related avoidance among healthy young adults: Agoraphobic experiences and early representation of parental rearing behaviour
CĂ©l: A fĂ©lelmet keltĹ‘ helyzetek iránti fogĂ©konyságot vizsgáljuk a szĂĽlĹ‘i magatartásra valĂł visszaemlĂ©kezĂ©s tĂĽkrĂ©ben egĂ©szsĂ©ges, fiatal felnĹ‘tt, egyetemi hallgatĂłk körĂ©ben. CĂ©lunk az elkerĂĽlĹ‘ magatartással kĂsĂ©rt fĂ©lĂ©nksĂ©g családi szocializáciĂłs folyamatainak rĂ©szleges feltĂ©rkĂ©pezĂ©se. EsĹ‘sorban a szĂĽlĹ‘k nevelĂ©si attitűdjĂ©rĹ‘l Ĺ‘rzött reprezentáciĂłk Ă©s az elkerĂĽlĹ‘ magatartás kapcsolatát elemeztĂĽk.
MĂłdszerek: 305 egyetemi hallgatĂł (140 nĹ‘ Ă©s 165 fĂ©rfi, átlagĂ©letkor 22,0 ± 2,0) vett rĂ©szt a vizsgálatban. KĂ©t önkitöltĹ‘s kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăvet használtunk: 1. FĂ©lelem FelmĂ©rĹ‘ KĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv (Fear Survey Schedule – FSS) AgorafĂłbia-faktorának 13 állĂtása; 2. „SzĂĽlĹ‘kkel kapcsolatos gyermekkori emlĂ©kek” (Egna Minnen Betraffende Uppfostran – EMBU) kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăves Ă©rtĂ©kelĹ‘ lista, melynek cĂ©lja, hogy a szĂĽlĹ‘i nevelĂ©sre valĂł visszaemlĂ©kezĂ©st Ă©rtĂ©kelje.
EredmĂ©nyek: Az eredmĂ©nyek alapján elmondhatĂł, hogy van összefĂĽggĂ©s a fĂ©lĂ©nksĂ©gre Ă©pĂĽlĹ‘ elkerĂĽlĂ©s, agorafĂłbiás helyzetekkel kapcsolatos fokozott szenzitivitás Ă©s a szĂĽlĹ‘i magatartással kapcsolatos emlĂ©kek között. Nemek tekintetĂ©ben a szorongásos zavarok epidemiolĂłgiai adatainak megfelelĹ‘en az agorafĂłbiás fĂ©lelmek a lányok esetĂ©ben statisztikailag szignifikánsan gyakrabban fordulnak elĹ‘ (β = –0,176; p = 0,005). A szĂĽlĹ‘i magatartásmĂłdok tekintetĂ©ben az apa szeretĹ‘ magatartásának hiánya (β = 0,207; p = 0,011), illetve a tĂşlvĂ©dĹ‘ magatartás meglĂ©te Ă©rzĂ©kenyĂtĹ‘ tĂ©nyezĹ‘ (β = 0,214; p = 0,002); az anyai magatartás esetĂ©ben az anya Ă©rzelmi elfogadĂł magatartása (β = 1,298; p<0,001) állt pozitĂv kapcsolatban a felnĹ‘ttkori elkerĂĽlĹ‘ magatartás kialakulásával az agorafĂłbiás aggodalmakat tartalmazĂł helyzetekben.
KövetkeztetĂ©sek: TĂpusos agorafĂłbiás elkerĂĽlĂ©si mintázatok tehát nemcsak klinikai szintű szorongás esetĂ©ben, de sajátos nevelĂ©si körĂĽlmĂ©nyek következtĂ©ben egĂ©szsĂ©ges szemĂ©lyeknĂ©l is megjelenhetnek. A nevelĂ©si körĂĽlmĂ©nyekkel kapcsolatos emlĂ©kezeti sĂ©mák befolyásolják a szemĂ©lyek Ă©lmĂ©nyfeldolgozási mĂłdjait. Számos Ă©rzĂ©kenyĂtĹ‘ tĂ©nyezĹ‘t azonban nem vizsgáltunk, Ă©s a normál szemĂ©lyek vizsgálata is határt szab az eredmĂ©nyek Ă©rtelmezĂ©sĂ©nek. A felvázolt elmĂ©leti modellek az elkerĂĽlĹ‘ magatartás további vizsgálati alapját kĂ©pezhetik.
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Background: This study examined the sensitivity to agoraphobic fears influenced by perceived parental rearing behavior using a sample of healthy, young university students. Our goal was the partial mapping of the development of avoidance behavior, which can play an important role in the emergence of psychosomatic illnesses. In the first place, we analyzed the relationship between the memory representations of the parents’ rearing style and the avoidance behavior.
Methods: 305 students (140 women and 165 men, mean age 22.0 ± 2.0) participated in the study. Self-reported questionnaires were used: the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS) and the EMBU evaluation list questionnaire (Egna Minne Betraffende Uppfostran; “On My Memories of Upbringing”), which is responsible to assess the recall of the parental rearing style.
Results: The results show that there is a link between agoraphobic fear and the representations of parents’ rearing behavior. With respect to gender differences and in accordance with the anxiety disorder epidemiological data, agoraphobic fears were found to be more frequent among girls than boys, and the difference was statistically significant (β = –0.176; p = 0.005). With respect to the parents’ rearing attitudes, the data show that the lack of an emotionally warm father (β = 0.207; p = 0.011), and paternal overprotection (β = 0.214; p = 0.002) are sensitizing factors. Further, both the mothers’ attitude of acceptance and their emotional warmth was positively related to agoraphobic fears (β = 1.298; p<0.001).
Conclusions: The results suggest that agoraphobic avoidance behavior can occur not only among individuals with clinical levels of anxiety, but also among healthy individuals as a result of unique upbringing conditions. The representations of parents’ rearing behavior adversely affect a person’s process of experience. Several sensitizing factors were not examined, and the investigation of normal people limits the interpretation of the results. The outlined theoretical model, however, could serve as a basis of further investigations on avoidance behavior
Antirheumatic drugs and cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis
There is increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Systemic inflammation is highly involved in atherogenesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), primarily COX-2 inhibitors might increase CV risk. Corticosteroids might act as a double-edged sword as they exert both beneficial and negative effectson the CV system. NSAIDs and corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory, but, on the other hand, they might be potentially atherogenic. Conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), such as antimalarials, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide and cyclosporine A have good CV safety, however, leflunomide and cyclosporine A might cause hypertension. Biologic DMARDs, by suppressing inflammation and disease activity, might either reduce CV risk or at least not cause any harm in that respect. Recently, tofacitinib and most likely other Janus kinase inhibitors have been associated with increased CV risk, at least in RMD patients with high CV risk at baseline. In clinical practice, EULAR and other recommendations guide the rheumatologist when screening for and managing CV comorbidities
Disszipáció másodfajú szupravezetőkben = Dissipation in type-II superconductors
A szupravezetĹ‘kben szĂ©lsĹ‘sĂ©ges körĂĽlmĂ©nyek között disszipáciĂł jelenik meg, azaz megszűnik ideális vezetĹ‘ tulajdonságuk. Az ilyen disszipatĂv folyamatokat vizsgáltuk elsĹ‘sorban magashĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kleti szupravezetĹ‘kben. Megmutattuk, hogy a disszipáciĂłt az Abrikoszov-fĂ©le örvĂ©nyek Ă©s a szupravezetĹ‘ rĂ©tegek közötti Josephson-fĂ©le alagutazás mindig egyĂĽtt határozza meg. Vizsgáltuk a kvázirĂ©szecskĂ©k szerepĂ©t is az Ăşn. nemkonvencionális szupravezetĹ‘kben Ă©s több transzporttulajdonságra kaptunk Ăşjszerű eredmĂ©nyeket. Vizsgáltuk azt az Ă©rdekes Ă©s megfejtetlen jelensĂ©get, hogy a magashĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kleti szupravezetĹ‘kben gyakran már a fĂ©mes fázisban lecsökken az állapotsűrűsĂ©g. AnalĂłgiát kerestĂĽnk a jelensĂ©gre egy egydimenziĂłs fĂ©mben Ă©s Ăşgy találtuk, hogy ebben az esetben az állapotsűrűsĂ©g lecsökkenĂ©sĂ©t egy rejtett (nehezen megfigyelhetĹ‘) rend kialakulása okozza. | Under extreme conditions, dissipation appears in superconductors, i.e., they cease to be ideal conductors. We have investigated these dissipative processes mainly in high-critical-temperature superconductors. We have shown that the dissipation always arises from both the motion of Abrikosov vortices and the Josephson tunneling between adjacent superconducting layers. We have also investigated the role of quasiparicles in unconventional superconductors and found several novel results on the transport properties of these materials. We have considered the intriguing phenomenon that in certain high-critical-temperature superconductor the density of electronic states starts to decrease already in the metallic phase. To gain insight from an analogy, we have studied the decrease of the density of states in a quasi-one-dimensional conductor. We have shown that in this case the origin of the phenomenon is the formation of a hidden (difficult to observe) order
Wnt fehérjék és Wnt receptorok = Interaction of Wnt proteins with receptors and antagonists
Arginine-scanning mutagenezis Ă©s CD spektroszkĂłpia segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel meghatároztuk a Wnt inhibitory factor-1 WIF-domĂ©njĂ©nek Wnt-kötĹ‘helyĂ©t. Kimutattuk, hogy a Wnt-kötĹ‘hely egyik szubrĂ©giĂłja (melynek kialakĂtásában a Ile25, Phe27 Ă©s Phe42 aminosavak vesznek rĂ©szt) a Wnt fehĂ©rjĂ©k palmitoil csoportját köti, a kötĹ‘hely másik szubrĂ©giĂłja (melynek kialakĂtásában a Tyr13, Trp15 Ă©s Leu32 aminosavak vesznek rĂ©szt) a Wnt-k aminosav-oldalláncainak kötĂ©sĂ©ben játszik fontos szerepet. Az a megfigyelĂ©sĂĽnk, hogy a Tyr13, Trp15 Ă©s Leu32 mutáciĂłja a WIF-domĂ©n Wnt5a affinitásának növekedĂ©sĂ©hez, ugyanakkor a Wnt3a affinitásának csökkenĂ©sĂ©hez vezet, azt jelzi, hogy ez a szubrĂ©giĂł fontos szerepet játszik a domĂ©n Wnt specifitásának meghatározásában. A Wnt specifitást meghatározĂł aminosavak azonosĂtásával olyan WIF mutánsokat állĂthatunk elĹ‘, melyekkel lehetĹ‘sĂ©g nyĂlik a daganatos betegsĂ©gekben kulcsszerepet játszĂł Wnt fehĂ©rjĂ©k szelektĂv gátlására. | We have localized the Wnt-binding site of the WIF-domain of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 by structure-guided arginine-scanning mutagenesis in combination with surface plasmon resonance assays. We have shown that the subregion of the Wnt-binding site defined by Ile25, Phe27 and Phe42 may bind the palmitoyl group of Wnt-s, the other subregion defined by residues Tyr13, Trp15 and Leu32, however, is critical for interactions with amino acid side-chains of Wnts. Our observation that substitution of these residues of WIF resulted in an increased affinity for Wnt5a, but decreased affinity for Wnt3a suggests that these residues may define the specificity spectrum of WIF for Wnts. These results hold promise for the more specific targeting of Wnt family members with WIF variants in various forms of cancer
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