Particle Number Fluctuations in Statistical Model with Exact Charge Conservation Laws

Even though the first momenta i.e. the ensemble average quantities in canonical ensemble (CE) give the grand canonical (GC) results in large multiplicity limit, the fluctuations involving second moments do not respect this asymptotic behaviour. Instead, the asymptotics are strikingly different, giving a new handle in study of statistical particle number fluctuations in relativistic nuclear reactions. Here we study the analytical large volume asymptotics to general case of multispecies hadron gas carrying fixed baryon number, strangeness and electric charge. By means of Monte Carlo simulations we have also studied the general multiplicity probability distributions taking into account the decay chains of resonance states.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. The report of the talk given in Strangeness in Quark Matter 2004, Cape Town. Submitted to J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phy

Siellä käytiin laskemassa kaikista suurimpaa mäkeä:vokaalivartaloistuneet adjektiivijohdokset internetin keskustelupalstoilla

Tiivistelmä. Pro gradu -tutkielmani aihe on vokaalivartaloistuminen adjektiivijohdoksissa. Vokaalivartaloistuminen tarkoittaa morfologista muutosilmiötä, jonka seurauksena normitetun kielen mukaan konsonanttivartaloisia sananmuotoja on alettu korvata vokaalivartaloisilla muodoilla (esimerkiksi suurinta > *suurimpaa, olematonta > *olemattomaa). Pro gradu -tutkielmani on jatkoa kandidaatintutkielmalleni, jossa tutkin samoja johdosten vokaalivartalomuotoja erilaisin menetelmin. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastelen vokaalivartaloisia adjektiivijohdosten partitiivimuotoja korpusaineistossa, jonka keräsin Kielipankin konkordanssihakuohjelmalla eli Korpilla. Aineisto on peräisin Suomi24- ja Ylilauta-keskustelupalstoilta. Tutkimusaineistossani on yhteensä 493 lausetta, jotka sisältävät jonkin tutkimani johdoksen vokaalivartalomuodon. Valitsin tutkimukseeni neljä johdostyyppiä. Tutkimukseni johtimet ovat superlatiivijohdin -in, karitiivinen johdin -(mA)tOn sekä possessiiviset johtimet -(e)liAs ja -llinen. Valitsemani johtimet ovat produktiivisuudeltaan eriasteisia. Jokaisesta johdostyypistä valitsin kolme johdosta. Näin ollen tutkimiani sananmuotoja on yhteensä 12: *kauneimpaa, *suurimpaa, *viimeisimpää, *hyödyttömää, *viattomaa, *olemattomaa, *rauhallisea, *pilkullisea, *oleellisea, *kivuliaata, *uneliaata ja *kohteliaata. Tutkimistani johdoksista leksikaalistuneita ovat viimeisin, viaton, olematon, oleellinen sekä kohtelias. Pro gradu -tutkielmani tarkoitus on selvittää, kuinka yleisiä tutkimani johdosten partitiivimuodot ovat internetkielessä. Tutkielmani analyysivaiheessa lähestyn aineistoa syntaktisesta näkökulmasta. Keskityn analyysissa siihen, millaisissa lausekkeissa ja missä syntaktisissa tehtävissä tutkimani vokaalivartaloiset partitiivit useimmin esiintyvät. Lisäksi keskityn siihen, millainen suhde johtimen produktiivisuudella ja johdoksen leksikaalistuneisuudella on vokaalivartaloisten esiintymien määrään. Tutkielmani analyysissa käy ilmi, että superlatiivijohdosten vokaalivartaloiset partitiivimuodot ovat korpuksissa yleisimpiä — jopa 91 % aineistoni lauseista sisältää jonkin superlatiivijohdoksen partitiivimuodon. Suoritin aineistolle syntaktisen analyysin, eli järjestin aineistoni sen mukaan, mikä tehtävä tutkimallani sananmuodolla on lauseessa. Analyysissa selvisi, että tutkimieni adjektiivijohdosten yleisin tehtävä on toimia substantiivin kongruoivana määritteenä. Toiseksi yleisin tehtävä on adjektiivin substantiivinen käyttö. Neljä tapausta aineistoni adjektiivijohdoksista toimii AP:n edussanana eli tässä tapauksessa predikatiivina. Aineistoni perusteella vokaalivartaloisen johdoksen sisältävän lausekkeen yleisin syntaktinen tehtävä on objekti. Yli puolet (noin 79 %) tutkimistani vokaalivartaloisista partitiiveista on osana lauseketta, joka toimii joko finiittisen lauseen tai infiniittisen lausekkeen objektina. Muut syntaktiset tehtävät aineistossani ovat adposition täydennys, predikatiivi, lukusanan täydennys, adverbiaali, e-subjekti ja komparatiivin täydennys. Analyysin tulosten perusteella tein päätelmän, että nominijohdoksissa vokaalivartaloistuminen etenee yleisesti ottaen lekseemi kerrallaan. Kuitenkin esimerkiksi superlatiivijohdoksissa vokaalivartaloistuminen on aineistoni perusteella melko pitkällä. Karitiivijohdoksissa vokaalivartaloistuminen näyttää olevan melko tiukasti kytköksissä myös johdoksen leksikaalistuneisuuteen

Baryon Number Conservation and Statistical Production of Antibaryons

The statistical production of antibaryons is considered within the canonical ensemble formulation. We demonstrate that the antibaryon suppression in small systems due to the exact baryon number conservation is rather different in the baryon-free (B=0) and baryon-rich (B>1) systems. At constant values of temperature and baryon density in the baryon-rich systems the density of the produced antibaryons is only weakly dependent on the size of the system. For realistic hadronization conditions this dependence appears to be close to B/(B+1) which is in agreement with the preliminary data of the NA49 Collaboration for the antiproton/pion ratio in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS energies. However, a consistent picture of antibaryon production within the statistical hadronization model has not yet been achieved. This is because the condition of constant hadronization temperature in the baryon-free systems leads to a contradiction with the data on the antiproton/pion ratio in e+e- interactions.Comment: 14 page

Gemtuzumab-Ozogamicin-Related Impaired Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Scavenging as On-Target/Off-Tumor Toxicity of Anti-CD33 AML Therapy : A Report of Two Cases

Gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) is a humanized anti-CD33 antibody, which is conjugated to a cytotoxic calicheamicin. It is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in combination with chemotherapy. We describe here two GO-treated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases: both patients suffered from a toxic syndrome, which manifested as impaired hemoglobin-haptoglobin scavenging and accumulation of hemolysis-related products. Our observations and earlier reports indicated that the reaction was caused by GO-targeted destruction of CD33 + CD163+ monocytes/macrophages, which are responsible for the clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes. The rise of plasma lactate dehydrogenase was an early sign of the reaction, and both patients had high levels of free plasma hemoglobin, but plasma haptoglobin and bilirubin levels were paradoxically normal. Symptoms included septic fever and abnormalities in cardiac tests and in the case of the first patient, severe neurological symptoms which required intensive care unit admittance. Therapeutic plasma exchanges supported the patients until the recovery of normal hematopoiesis. The symptoms may be easily confounded with infectious complications-related organ damage. Regarding the increasing use of gemtuzumab-ozogamicin and other emerging CD33-targeted cell therapies, we want to highlight this mostly unknown and probably underdiagnosed toxicity.Peer reviewe

Increased myeloid cell hypoxia-inducible factor-1 delays obliterative airway disease in the mouse

BACKGROUND: Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation is characterized by chronic airway inflammation leading to the obliteration of small airways. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia and inflammation. The Von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) drives the degradation of oxygen-sensitive subunit HIF-1 alpha that controls the activity of HIF-1. We investigated the effect of myeloid cell targeted gene deletion of HIF-1 alpha or its negative regulator pVHL on the development of obliterative airway disease (OAD) in the recipients of tracheal allografts, a mouse model for obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. METHODS: Tracheal allografts were heterotopically transplanted from BALB/c donor mice to fully major histocompatibility complex mismatched recipient mice with HIF-1 alpha or VHL gene deletion in myeloid cells. The recipients were left non-immunosuppressed or received tacrolimus daily. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed at 3, 10, and 30 days. RESULTS: In the absence of immunosuppression, myeloid cell-specific VHL deficiency of the recipient mice improved epithelial recovery, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased regulatory forkhead box P3 messenger RNA expression, and reduced OAD development in tracheal allografts. In the presence of tacrolimus immunosuppression, loss of HIF-1 alpha activity in myeloid cells of the recipient by HIF-1 alpha gene deletion accelerated OAD development in mouse tracheal allografts. CONCLUSIONS: Activity of the HIF-pathway affects the development of allograft rejection, and our results suggest that myeloid cell-specific VHL-deficiency that potentially increases HIF-activity decreases allograft inflammation and the subsequent development of OAD in mouse tracheal allografts. (C) 2016 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Clonal hematopoiesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Peer reviewe

Relativistic Mass Ejecta from Phase-transition-induced Collapse of Neutron Stars

We study the dynamical evolution of a phase-transition-induced collapse neutron star to a hybrid star, which consists of a mixture of hadronic matter and strange quark matter. The collapse is triggered by a sudden change of equation of state, which result in a large amplitude stellar oscillation. The evolution of the system is simulated by using a 3D Newtonian hydrodynamic code with a high resolution shock capture scheme. We find that both the temperature and the density at the neutrinosphere are oscillating with acoustic frequency. However, they are nearly 180$^{\circ}$ out of phase. Consequently, extremely intense, pulsating neutrino/antineutrino fluxes will be emitted periodically. Since the energy and density of neutrinos at the peaks of the pulsating fluxes are much higher than the non-oscillating case, the electron/positron pair creation rate can be enhanced dramatically. Some mass layers on the stellar surface can be ejected by absorbing energy of neutrinos and pairs. These mass ejecta can be further accelerated to relativistic speeds by absorbing electron/positron pairs, created by the neutrino and antineutrino annihilation outside the stellar surface. The possible connection between this process and the cosmological Gamma-ray Bursts is discussed.Comment: 40 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in JCA

Somatic mutations and T-cell clonality in patients with immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and other late-onset immunodeficiencies often co-manifest with autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. The pathogenesis of most cases is elusive, as only a minor subset harbors known monogenic germline causes. The involvement of both B and T cells is, however, implicated. To study whether somatic mutations in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells associate with immunodeficiency, we recruited 17 patients and 21 healthy controls. Eight patients had late-onset CVID and nine patients other immunodeficiency and/or severe autoimmunity. In total, autoimmunity occurred in 94% and lymphoproliferation in 65%. We performed deep sequencing of 2,533 immune-associated genes from CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. Deep T-cell receptor b-sequencing was used to characterize CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell receptor repertoires. The prevalence of somatic mutations was 65% in all immunodeficiency patients, 75% in CVID, and 48% in controls. Clonal hematopoiesis-associated variants in both CD4(+)and CD8(+) cells occurred in 24% of immunodeficiency patients. Results demonstrated mutations in known tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and genes that are critical for immuneand proliferative functions, such as STAT5B (2 patients), C5AR1 (2 patients), KRAS (one patient), and NOD2 (one patient). Additionally, as a marker of T-cell receptor repertoire perturbation, CVID patients harbored increased frequencies of clones with identical complementarity determining region 3 sequences despite unique nucleotide sequences when compared to controls. In conclusion, somatic mutations in genes implicated for autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation are common in CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells of patients with immunodeficiency. They may contribute to immune dysregulation in a subset of immunodeficiency patients.Peer reviewe