Agreement Between Experts and an Untrained Crowd for Identifying Dermoscopic Features Using a Gamified App: Reader Feasibility Study

Background Dermoscopy is commonly used for the evaluation of pigmented lesions, but agreement between experts for identification of dermoscopic structures is known to be relatively poor. Expert labeling of medical data is a bottleneck in the development of machine learning (ML) tools, and crowdsourcing has been demonstrated as a cost- and time-efficient method for the annotation of medical images. Objective The aim of this study is to demonstrate that crowdsourcing can be used to label basic dermoscopic structures from images of pigmented lesions with similar reliability to a group of experts. Methods First, we obtained labels of 248 images of melanocytic lesions with 31 dermoscopic “subfeatures” labeled by 20 dermoscopy experts. These were then collapsed into 6 dermoscopic “superfeatures” based on structural similarity, due to low interrater reliability (IRR): dots, globules, lines, network structures, regression structures, and vessels. These images were then used as the gold standard for the crowd study. The commercial platform DiagnosUs was used to obtain annotations from a nonexpert crowd for the presence or absence of the 6 superfeatures in each of the 248 images. We replicated this methodology with a group of 7 dermatologists to allow direct comparison with the nonexpert crowd. The Cohen κ value was used to measure agreement across raters. Results In total, we obtained 139,731 ratings of the 6 dermoscopic superfeatures from the crowd. There was relatively lower agreement for the identification of dots and globules (the median κ values were 0.526 and 0.395, respectively), whereas network structures and vessels showed the highest agreement (the median κ values were 0.581 and 0.798, respectively). This pattern was also seen among the expert raters, who had median κ values of 0.483 and 0.517 for dots and globules, respectively, and 0.758 and 0.790 for network structures and vessels. The median κ values between nonexperts and thresholded average–expert readers were 0.709 for dots, 0.719 for globules, 0.714 for lines, 0.838 for network structures, 0.818 for regression structures, and 0.728 for vessels. Conclusions This study confirmed that IRR for different dermoscopic features varied among a group of experts; a similar pattern was observed in a nonexpert crowd. There was good or excellent agreement for each of the 6 superfeatures between the crowd and the experts, highlighting the similar reliability of the crowd for labeling dermoscopic images. This confirms the feasibility and dependability of using crowdsourcing as a scalable solution to annotate large sets of dermoscopic images, with several potential clinical and educational applications, including the development of novel, explainable ML tools

From Boatyard to Museum: 3D laser scanning and digital modelling of the Qatar Museums watercraft collection, Doha, Qatar

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.This article presents the results of a project to 3D laser scan and digitally model 14 watercraft from the Qatar Museums collection, comprising a range of regional vessels: most had not been surveyed previously. The project used the resulting point clouds generated 2D naval lines and orthographic records of the vessels in their current condition, and photorealistic 3D digital models for gallery display. This case study provides illustrative examples of the intermediate stages and final outputs. It assesses the pros and cons of 3D laser scanning as a survey technology for nautical scholars in terms of the time, cost, and skillset, as well as logistical considerations. It also compares the accuracy of traditional hand survey methods.We wish to thank QM for enabling and funding this research (Grant number SL-05894)

Suakin and its fishermen : a study of economic activities and ethnic groupings in a Sudanese port

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX90150 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

A dual resonant structure for vibration energy harvesting using triboelectric materials

Structural health monitoring (SHM) requires many sensors that are usually powered by electrochemical batteries. The problem of using batteries includes expensive periodic replacement and disposal work that causes environmental pollution. To overcome such issues, energy harvesting technology has emerged as a good solution to scavenge vibration and wind energy from the ambient environment. Structures vibrate due to base excitations when it is subjected to wind flows. The energy of such structural vibration can be converted into electricity using energy transducers, such as electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric transducers. The triboelectric energy transducer is of low cost with high power density. This project aims at harvesting ambient vibration and wind energy using triboelectric materials. The triboelectric energy harvester (TEH) will be designed, and a prototype of the harvester will be manufactured. The harvester will be based on a 2 degree of freedom set-up consisting of 2 beams. With the set-up made of fiber epoxy for the plate and aluminium for the beams, with the aim of obtaining power output from the cantilever beams doing contact-separation process which will be explained further later. Experiments will be carried out to test the harvester under vibration in the lab. In this paper, experiments are conducted to find out the most efficient model of TEH there is in terms of power output and resonance frequency using our facilities. The experiment consists of utilizing gap distance between the two cantilever beams, finding the most optimal frequency for the most ideal power output as well as utilizing tip masses to find out if it enables the harvester to be more intensive. More extensive studies can be done to determine the ideal TEH to be made for power output generation.Bachelor of Engineering (Civil

Writing on the wall A guide for presenting exhibition text

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:GPC/02115 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Boats of South Asia

Written in non-technical language, this book sets new standards for the documentation of water transport, and introduces styles of boat-building which are unlikely to be found outside the sub-Continent. A fascinating read for anyone intererested in boats or the South Asian way of life, as well as ethnographers, and maritime archaeolgists and historians, Boats of South Asia covers recent, exhaustive fieldwork in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; and covers a vast array of traditional boats used in the sub-Continent today for fishing and other coastal, riverine tasks