Factors Underlying the Formation of Industrial Clusters in Japan and Industrial Cluster Policy: A Quantitative Survey

The purpose of this report is to use information provided by a questionnaire survey to analyze the factors and processes underlying the formation of industrial clusters in Japan. The study, based on questionnaire surveys, forms part of an "Industrial Cluster Project". The Japanese government has implemented policies for industrial clusters so as to enable Japanese industries to maintain competitive power in global markets, and to aid the self-sufficient expansion of local industries. The government's project goes under the heading "Industry Agglomeration for the Recovery of Local Industries with respect to so-called "Industry Clusters." The authors aim to identify what expectations are held of government by the enterprises that make up industrial clusters. As part of our investigation, we used the results of a survey conducted by UNDP in 2004. Tsuji's study, published by the Osaka School of International Public Policy, surveyed 1198 small or medium sized manufacturing companies located in O ward, Tokyo and Higashi Osaka city, Osaka prefecture. The outcome of the present study, together with data from Tsuji's work on IT usage by SMEs in Japan, is meant to form the basis for policy design and implementation.Industrial Cluster Policy, Agglomeration, Innovation, IT, Industrial policy, Local industry, Japan

Localized charge in various configurations of magnetic domain wall in Weyl semimetal

We numerically investigate the electronic properties of magnetic domain walls formed in a Weyl semimetal. Electric charge distribution is computed from the electron wave functions, by numerically diagonalizing the Hamiltonian under several types of domain walls. We find a certain amount of electric charge localized around the domain wall, depending on the texture of the domain wall. This localized charge stems from the degeneracy of Landau states under the axial magnetic field, which corresponds to the curl in the magnetic texture. The localized charge enables one to drive the domain wall motion by applying an external electric field without injecting an electric current, which is distinct from the ordinary spin-transfer torque and is free from Joule heating.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Applying Geographically Weighted Regression to Conjoint Analysis: Empirical Findings from Urban Park Amenities

The objective of this study is to develop spatially-explicit choice model and investigate its validity and applicability in CA studies. This objective is achieved by applying locally-regressed geographically weighted regression (GWR) and GIS to survey data on hypothetical dogrun facilities (off-leash dog area) in urban recreational parks in Tokyo, Japan. Our results show that spatially-explicit conditional logit model developed in this study outperforms traditional model in terms of data fit and prediction accuracy. Our results also show that marginal willingness-to-pay for various attributes of dogrun facilities has significant spatial variation. Analytical procedure developed in this study can reveal spatially-varying individual preferences on attributes of urban park amenities, and facilitates area-specific decision makings in urban park planning.Choice experiments, conjoint analysis, dogrun, geographically weighted regression, spatial econometrics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Factors Underlying the Formation of Industrial Clusters in Japan and Industrial Cluster Policy: A Quantitative Survey

The purpose of this report is to use information provided by a questionnaire survey to analyze the factors and processes underlying the formation of industrial clusters in Japan. The study, based on questionnaire surveys, forms part of an "Industrial Cluster Project". The Japanese government has implemented policies for industrial clusters so as to enable Japanese industries to maintain competitive power in global markets, and to aid the self-sufficient expansion of local industries. The government\u27s project goes under the heading "Industry Agglomeration for the Recovery of Local Industries with respect to so-called "Industry Clusters." The authors aim to identify what expectations are held of government by the enterprises that make up industrial clusters. As part of our investigation, we used the results of a survey conducted by UNDP in 2004. Tsuji\u27s study, published by the Osaka School of International Public Policy, surveyed 1198 small or medium sized manufacturing companies located in O ward, Tokyo and Higashi Osaka city, Osaka prefecture. The outcome of the present study, together with data from Tsuji\u27s work on IT usage by SMEs in Japan, is meant to form the basis for policy design and implementation

A Study on Global Innovation Creation and Long-Term Management by Immigrant Entrepreneurs

This paper explores the factors that enable so-called “immigrant entrepreneurs” to achieve sustainable long-term business development in overseas markets through a case study of a pioneering immigrant entrepreneur in the United Kingdom. The research question for this paper is as follows: Is the company continuing to grow sustainably by developing new sales channels and diversifying its business, and by creating locally-originated innovations? In particular, with immigrant entrepreneurs, in the process of expanding the scope of their business from targeting their fellow countrymen to include local markets, do they somehow demonstrate their strength in integrating the resources of both countries, leading to the creation of new innovations? In doing so, does the environment in which immigrant entrepreneurs find themselves, and the people-to-people relationships they build there, play an important role in developing local markets and creating innovations that can be used globally? Based on the results of this analysis of pioneering cases, we conclude with suggestions for Japanese entrepreneurs who wish to start businesses in overseas markets. The methodology will be a semi-structured interview method. The interviews will be conducted from the following analytical perspectives: We will focus on the resources and advantages they brought from Japan, what resources and advantages they used locally, and what the relationship is between the mobilization, utilization, and integration of such resources and their success in the local market. How do they create value by combining the resources of their country of origin (Japan) with those of their country of residence (UK)? How does the combination of resources mobilized from the respective networks (business ecosystems) in the two countries relate to innovation creation, and how is long-term management was achieved on the basis of locally built advantages

A Study on the Innovation Capabilities of Transnational Entrepreneurs

This research presents the following research questions. First, what kind of "Japanese entrepreneur image" can bring out Japan's predominance in the global society? In Japan, there are only a few innovators who break away from conventional methods, by possessing innovative ideas that create new values, mobilizing the necessary resources, and building new mechanisms while adapting to change. Especially, there are notably few innovators who can play an active role globally. Second, what is the entrepreneurial education system? In order to understand a useful system for creating globally active innovators from Japan, first of all, it is necessary to grasp the specific innovation capabilities required of Japanese people. Therefore, this paper examines how Japanese entrepreneurs active in foreign markets were able to build a predominance in overseas markets and bring about innovation, even though they were small in scale and how it was possible to grow the local organizations (enterprises) sustainably. In order to shed light on these matters, the study conducts a case study by looking at the case of Company K, which was founded by a Japanese transnational entrepreneur who immigrated to the United States. From the analysis of the case study, this paper attempts to clarify the actual facts from the quest for business opportunities of transnational entrepreneurs to market development, and from the bankruptcy crisis to the growth of the company organization. Using the clarification of these facts as a key, the causes that enable transnational entrepreneurs to create innovation overseas and to survive their organizations in foreign markets are being examined. In addition to presenting an image of an innovator unique to the Japanese, who can play an active role in the global society, the innovation capabilities required for entrepreneurship education in Japan are also suggested

Examining global innovation creation and entrepreneurship in migrant entrepreneurs: The case of the Jem Group Founder, UK

This paper explored the relationship between the entrepreneurship and the local innovation creation of migrant entrepreneurs, focusing on the Jem Group, a company that has existed in the United Kingdom for 50 years, and the life of Tetsuro Hama, a Japanese migrant entrepreneur and its founder. Building on author’s previous study and incorporating the case of Mr Hama, this paper examined the skills involved in entrepreneurs’ local innovation creation in overseas markets, as well as how skill acquisition (entrepreneurial learning) relates to communities. Furthermore, the paper sheds light on what past experiences and opportunities (and systems) help to develop entrepreneurship (behavioural traits) required for long-term management and local innovation in overseas markets, probing into concrete links between the two. This paper confirmed that the new value for local innovation can be created by joining resources from two different countries. Moreover, the diversification in growing industries can lead to improved business scale and productivity by expanding the scope from the target demographic, from compatriots only to include locals, which can also lead to innovations in organisational management and sales promotion. However, to generalise local innovation by migrant entrepreneurs, it is necessary to compare the differences and similarities with the cases of non-Japanese migrant entrepreneurs, which could point to the direction of further research. Moreover, by adding cross-sectional studies that broaden the scope from the same industry to other industries, we can advance the theorisation of migrant entrepreneurs’ innovation strategies. Finally, to enhance the probability of this research field, it may be effective to include statistical verification considering the findings presented in this paper