Development of an atmospheric N2O isotopocule model and optimization procedure, and application to source estimation

This paper presents the development of an atmospheric N2O isotopocule model based on a chemistry-coupled atmospheric general circulation model (ACTM). We also describe a simple method to optimize the model and present its use in estimating the isotopic signatures of surface sources at the hemispheric scale. Data obtained from ground-based observations, measurements of firn air, and balloon and aircraft flights were used to optimize the long-term trends, interhemispheric gradients, and photolytic fractionation, respectively, in the model. This optimization successfully reproduced realistic spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric N2O isotopocules throughout the atmosphere from the surface to the stratosphere. The very small gradients associated with vertical profiles through the troposphere and the latitudinal and vertical distributions within each hemisphere were also reasonably simulated. The results of the isotopic characterization of the global total sources were generally consistent with previous one-box model estimates, indicating that the observed atmospheric trend is the dominant factor controlling the source isotopic signature. However, hemispheric estimates were different from those generated by a previous two-box model study, mainly due to the model accounting for the interhemispheric transport and latitudinal and vertical distributions of tropospheric N2O isotopocules. Comparisons of time series of atmospheric N2O isotopocule ratios between our model and observational data from several laboratories revealed the need for a more systematic and elaborate intercalibration of the standard scales used in N2O isotopic measurements in order to capture a more complete and precise picture of the temporal and spatial variations in atmospheric N2O isotopocule ratios. This study highlights the possibility that inverse estimation of surface N2O fluxes, including the isotopic information as additional constraints, could be realized

Effect of the lateral growth rate on wood properties in fast-growing hardwood species

We investigated the feasibility of using several fast- growing tropical or subtropical hardwood species for timber production by measuring key wood qualities in relationship to the high rates of lateral growth. The trees tested were sampled from even-aged plantations of Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformis, hybrid Acacia(A.mangium × A. auriculiformis), Eucalyptus grandis, E. globulus, and Paraserianthes falcataria (Solomon and Java origin) that had already reached commercial harvesting age. The released strain of the surface growth stress (RS), xylem density (XD), microfibril angle (MFA), and fiber length (FL) were measured at the outermost part of the xylem at breast height in each tree. Results were then compared to the lateral growth rate (radius/age) at breast height, which provides a relative indicator of the amount of tree growth per year. Our findings indicated that RS was constant, regardless of lateral growth rate in each species. Similar results were observed for XD, MFA, and FL, with a few exceptions, suggesting that high growth rates do not intrinsically affect the wood properties of fast-growing tropical or subtropical species that have reached harvesting age. However, special attention must be paid to patterns of xylem maturation when developing plantations of such species

S-1 in the treatment of pancreatic cancer

xvi, 243 hlm.; 24 cm

中国「80后」世代にとっての日本アニメ

In recent years, Japanimation, which has been well received around the world, has grown into a powerful wave and given birth to a growing number of "otaku", and China is no exception. At the same time, the Chinese and Japanese governments have also felt the power of this trend. A range of policies and regulations have emerged one after another regarding creation of national brands and revitalization of industry. However we must admit that some difficulties still exist in implementing those policies, because it is the anime fans themselves who create the Japanimation trend. Why is the China\u27s younger generation so deeply fascinated with Japanimation? Let us use the Japanimation fans\u27 view of Japan and their real feeling on Japanimation as the starting point in exploring the psychological realm of Chinese youth

A tyrosine-kinase inhibitor enhanced antitumor effects of ROBO1-targeted radioimmunotherapy in an SCLC mouse model

ROBO1 is a membrane protein that is frequently expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We previously reported our radioimmunotherapy (RIT) agent 90Y-labeled anti-ROBO1 IgG showed significant anti-tumor effects such as tumor shrinkage, but the tumors showed regrowth, suggesting the necessity for more effective therapy. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a combination therapy of the RIT agent and a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor nintedanib in SCLC xenograft mice. Four groups of SCLC xenograft mice were treated with saline (control), nintedanib alone, RIT alone, and a combination of RIT and nintedanib, respectively. In the nintedanib alone group, no anti-tumor effects such as tumor growth suppression were observed. The RIT alone group and the combination group showed remarkable tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival compared with the control group. Tumor regrowth was observed in all 6 cases in the RIT alone group and 1 of 6 cases in the combination group by 100 days post-treatment. These results suggest that the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor nintedanib enhances anti-tumor effects of RIT with 90Y-labeled anti-ROBO1 IgG. The combination has the potential as an option for SCLC treatment.第79回日本癌学会学術総