9 research outputs found
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Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence
Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects millions of people in the United States each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010 ; Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000 ) with devastating consequences. Prevention efforts aimed at IPV are urgently needed. This chapter will delineate critical definitions, theories of IPV etiology, and IPV prevalence. Examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention interventions aimed at IPV will be provided. Suggestions for future directions of IPV prevention efforts are provided
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Advocacy and Prevention Dismantling Systems of Oppression
Abstract The impact of environmental factors on psychological functioning has received much attention in the psychological literature and has expanded the scholarship on mental heath beyond individual-level variables and intrapsychic processes. The current chapter therefore reviews the role of societal oppression on the psychological functioning of individuals from historically marginalized groups. In addition the chapter frames prevention as an important social justice tool that can be used in order to facilitate the well-being of individuals and groups who continue to experience oppression based on such factors as race, sexual orientation, and gender. The chapter concludes by providing a case illustration of social justice–based prevention as it applies to antiracism advocacy
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Dropout Prevention A (Re)Conceptualization Through the Lens of Social Justice
Abstract Despite the intense focus on school dropout over the past 40 years, this pervasive social injustice continues to plague the United States. This chapter will provide a review of the extant literature on school dropout risk factors as well as the research on effective intervention and prevention programs. The chapter will begin with a rationale for focusing specifically on schools that serve students and families of color who reside in high poverty communities. The authors will critique the deficit-oriented framework that has been pervasive in school dropout literature. We hope to interrupt the dominant discourses that position poor students of color as inherently “at risk” for school dropout. The authors will present a case for counseling psychologists to develop social justice dropout prevention programs that focus primarily on institutional and structural changes. The chapter will also include a discussion of future directions for the field of counseling psychology
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A History of Prevention in Counseling Psychology
Abstract This chapter’s two tables present illustrative markers of prevention events that have occurred within counseling psychology and within prevention per se. These markers are addressed selectively in the chapter’s narrative, which is organized sequentially as follows: (1) “Early Antecedents”; (2) “A Decade of Fomentation: The 1960s”; (3) “Prevention Emerges in the 1970s”; (4) “Prevention Expands: 1980s–Current,” with attention to 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2010; and (5) “Future Directions.” The thesis is that prevention in counseling psychology remains an artifact of hope. Although impressive scholarly production has occurred at an increasing pace since around 1985 and the Society of Counseling Psychology has formalized its support of prevention through its Prevention Section, “real world” demonstrations of gains—through training curricula, research, and employment—suggest that prevention remains still on the outside looking in. Yet due largely to the noticeable increase in prevention professional literature and to passage of health care reform legislation, the time for prevention in counseling psychology may finally have come—though we should be mindful that we’ve heard that refrain sung before
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Teaching Prevention Preparing the Next Generation of Psychologists
Abstract Despite the importance placed on prevention in the field, most counseling and counseling psychology training programs are not addressing prevention in substantive ways (Matthews, 2003a, 2003b ), nor have they in the past (McNeill & Ingram, 1983 ). There have been periodic calls for increased emphasis on prevention training in professional preparation programs (e.g., Britner & O’Neil, 2008 ; Conyne, 1997 ; DeLeon, Dubanoski, & Oliveira-Berry, 2005 ; Kiselica & Look, 1993 ; Romano & Hage, 2000a ). This chapter will address ways to incorporate prevention material into a graduate psychology or counseling curriculum through either a specialized course or infusion or a combination of the two. It will also address the need to offer more opportunities for continuing professional education in the area of prevention
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Ethical Principles for the Practice of Prevention
Abstract The role of prevention in the field of psychology, due to increasing evidence of the utility of prevention, has grown significantly in recent years. Unfortunately, although there has been increasing attention to training competent prevention practitioners, there has been less attention to explicating meaningful guidelines for ethical issues raised in prevention. In this chapter we will discuss the importance of prevention, identify unique ethical issues in prevention, highlight previous guidance provided for addressing these issues, and suggest ideas for starting a new ethical code for prevention practice
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Prevention and Counseling Psychology A Simple yet Difficult Commitment
Abstract In the introductory chapter of this handbook, core aspects of prevention science and practice will be presented. Included in this presentation are definitions of prevention; how prevention has been conceptualized within the field of psychology; why prevention is necessary; why counseling psychologists are particularly well suited to engage in prevention activities; the benefits of including mental health prevention as part of a larger wellness agenda; and how prevention is part of a commitment to social justice and cultural relevance. It is hoped that presenting these ideas will help orient the reader to what is to come in the remaining chapters as well as ground the volume in a common language and philosophical base
Atherogenic Lipids and Lipoproteins Trigger CD36-TLR2-Dependent Apoptosis in Macrophages Undergoing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID -19: coreporting of common outcomes from PAN-COVID and AAP-SONPM registries
Objective
Few large cohort studies have reported data on maternal, fetal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in pregnancy. We report the outcome of infected pregnancies from a collaboration formed early during the pandemic between the investigators of two registries, the UK and Global Pregnancy and Neonatal outcomes in COVID‐19 (PAN‐COVID) study and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine (SONPM) National Perinatal COVID‐19 Registry.
Methods
This was an analysis of data from the PAN‐COVID registry (1 January to 25 July 2020), which includes pregnancies with suspected or confirmed maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at any stage in pregnancy, and the AAP‐SONPM National Perinatal COVID‐19 registry (4 April to 8 August 2020), which includes pregnancies with positive maternal testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 from 14 days before delivery to 3 days after delivery. The registries collected data on maternal, fetal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. The PAN‐COVID results are presented overall for pregnancies with suspected or confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and separately in those with confirmed infection.
Results
We report on 4005 pregnant women with suspected or confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (1606 from PAN‐COVID and 2399 from AAP‐SONPM). For obstetric outcomes, in PAN‐COVID overall and in those with confirmed infection in PAN‐COVID and AAP‐SONPM, respectively, maternal death occurred in 0.5%, 0.5% and 0.2% of cases, early neonatal death in 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.3% of cases and stillbirth in 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.4% of cases. Delivery was preterm (< 37 weeks' gestation) in 12.0% of all women in PAN‐COVID, in 16.1% of those women with confirmed infection in PAN‐COVID and in 15.7% of women in AAP‐SONPM. Extreme preterm delivery (< 27 weeks' gestation) occurred in 0.5% of cases in PAN‐COVID and 0.3% in AAP‐SONPM. Neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was reported in 0.9% of all deliveries in PAN‐COVID overall, in 2.0% in those with confirmed infection in PAN‐COVID and in 1.8% in AAP‐SONPM; the proportions of neonates tested were 9.5%, 20.7% and 87.2%, respectively. The rates of a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate were 8.2% in PAN‐COVID overall, 9.7% in those with confirmed infection and 9.6% in AAP‐SONPM. Mean gestational‐age‐adjusted birth‐weight Z‐scores were −0.03 in PAN‐COVID and −0.18 in AAP‐SONPM.
Conclusions
The findings from the UK and USA registries of pregnancies with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were remarkably concordant. Preterm delivery affected a higher proportion of women than expected based on historical and contemporaneous national data. The proportions of pregnancies affected by stillbirth, a SGA infant or early neonatal death were comparable to those in historical and contemporaneous UK and USA data. Although maternal death was uncommon, the rate was higher than expected based on UK and USA population data, which is likely explained by underascertainment of women affected by milder or asymptomatic infection in pregnancy in the PAN‐COVID study, although not in the AAP‐SONPM study. The data presented support strong guidance for enhanced precautions to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnancy, particularly in the context of increased risks of preterm delivery and maternal mortality, and for priority vaccination of pregnant women and women planning pregnancy. Copyright © 2021 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd