Focused Deterrence and the Prevention of Violent Gun Injuries: Practice, Theoretical Principles, and Scientific Evidence

Focused deterrence strategies are a relatively new addition to a growing portfolio of evidence-based violent gun injury prevention practices available to policy makers and practitioners. These strategies seek to change offender behavior by understanding the underlying violence-producing dynamics and conditions that sustain recurring violent gun injury problems and by implementing a blended strategy of law enforcement, community mobilization, and social service actions. Consistent with documented public health practice, the focused deterrence approach identifies underlying risk factors and causes of recurring violent gun injury problems, develops tailored responses to these underlying conditions, and measures the impact of implemented interventions. This article reviews the practice, theoretical principles, and evaluation evidence on focused deterrence strategies. Although more rigorous randomized studies are needed, the available empirical evidence suggests that these strategies generate noteworthy gun violence reduction impacts and should be part of a broader portfolio of violence prevention strategies available to policy makers and practitioners

Long-term priority effects among insects and fungi colonizing decaying wood

1. Priority effects have been hypothesized to have long-lasting impact on community structure in natural ecosystems. Long-term studies of priority effects in natural ecosystems are however sparse, especially in terrestrial ecosystems

Timing of Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery at Term and Maternal Perioperative Outcomes

Elective repeat cesarean delivery at 37 or 38 weeks compared to 39 completed weeks’ gestation is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. We assessed whether delivery prior to 39 weeks is justifiable on the basis of decreased adverse maternal outcomes

White’s Classification of Maternal Diabetes and Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery Success in Women Undergoing a Trial of Labor

To estimate the rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) success in diabetic women based on White’s Classification

Family, economy and government in Ireland

IR12.00Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:6376.5(ESRI-P--143) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

National survey of sea lice(Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kroyer and Caligus elongatus Nordmann) on fish farms in Ireland 2001

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3943.780(181) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

The theory of hybrid stochastic algorithms

These lectures introduce the family of Hybrid Stochastic Algorithms for performing Monte Carlo calculations in Quantum Field Theory. After explaining the basic concepts of Monte Carlo integration we discuss the properties of Markov processes and one particularly useful example of them: the Metropolis algorithm. Building upon this framework we consider the Hybrid and Langevin algorithms from the viewpoint that they are approximate versions of the Hybrid Monte Carlo method; and thus we are led to consider Molecular Dynamics using the Leapfrog algorithm. The lectures conclude by reviewing recent progress in these areas, explaining higher-order integration schemes, the asymptotic large-volume behaviour of the various algorithms, and some simple exact results obtained by applying them to free field theory. It is attempted throughout to give simple yet correct proofs of the various results encountered. 38 refs

Merger in the network utilities

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3597.1241(CRI-DP--15) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo