Obtaining Repetitive Actions for Genetic Programming with Multiple Trees

AbstractThis paper proposes a method to improve genetic programming with multiple trees (GPCN). An individual in GPCN comprises multiple trees, and each tree has a number P that indicates the number of repetitive actions based on the tree. In previous work, a method for updating the number P has been proposed to obtain P suitable to the tree in evolution. However, in the method efficiency becomes worse as the range of P becomes wider. In order to solve the problem, in this study, two methods are proposed: inheriting the number P of a tree from an excellent individual and using mutation for preventing the number P from being into a local optimum. Additionally, a method to eliminate trees consisting of a single terminal node is proposed

Researches on the Protection of Personal Information

A lot of privacy related cases, such as information leakage and phishing scam, have been reported in recent years. In such a situation, the Act on the Protechtion of Personal Information was enacted in 2005. In 2015, all residents of Japan received a "MyNumber" card on which is printed their individual numbers. Thus, privacy related techniques are the one of most important issues. The classical techniques, such as encryption algorithm, digital signature, are effective to protect privacy related information from malicious third parties, but, not effective against legitimate users, who may cause privacy related cases. In this paper, we introduces some privacy related issues/techniques, especially, our proposed model named "Privacy Protection Model.

Development of a magnetically suspended, tetrahedron-shaped antenna pointing system

A magnetically suspended, tetrahedron-shaped antenna pointing system is proposed for use in a multibeam broadcasting satellite system in the future. The structure of this system is presented, along with its design concept and the functional test results which were obtained in a laser tracking system in the laboratory. According to these results, it has been confirmed that the system has many advantages over conventional systems and excellent performance

Radical‐medicated end‐group transformation of amphiphilic methacrylate random copolymers for modulation of antimicrobial and hemolytic activities

This work describes synthesis of antimicrobial methacrylate copolymers by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and examines the versatility of this approach for improving chemical optimization to create potent, non‐toxic antimicrobial polymers. Specifically, this study focuses on the radical‐mediated transformation of end group of antimicrobial peptide‐mimetic polymer. RAFT polymerization using 2‐cyano‐2‐yl‐dithiobenzoate provided a statistical methacrylate copolymer consisting of aminobutyl and ethyl groups in the side chains. The following radical‐mediated modification using free radical initiators successfully transformed the ω‐end group of parent copolymer from dithiobenzoate to a cyanoisobutyl or aminoethyl cyanopentanoate group without any significant changes to the polymer molecular weight. In general, the parent polymer and variants showed a broad spectrum of activity against a panel of bacteria, but low hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The parent copolymer with the dithiobenzoate end‐group showed highest antimicrobial and hemolytic activities as compared with other copolymers. The copolymers caused membrane depolarization in Staphylococcus aureus, while the ability of copolymers for membrane disruption is not dependent on the end‐group structures. The synthetic route reported in this study will be useful for further study of the role of polymer end‐groups in the antimicrobial activity of copolymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 304–312Cationic amphiphilic methacrylate copolymers with antimicrobial activity were prepared by RAFT polymerization. The radical‐mediated modification method transformed the ω‐end groups from the RAFT agent to different functional groups, which modulate their antibacterial and hemolytic activities. The radical‐medicated approach would be a viable option to optimize the structures of methacrylate copolymers for their antimicrobial activity and selectivity to bacteria through pinpoint end‐group transformation as well as to functionalize polymers for potential applications such as surface modifications.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135523/1/pola28384.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135523/2/pola28384-sup-0001-suppinfo1.pd

Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Palatal Torus

Background: Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone-degrading disorders; however, bisphosphonate therapy is an important risk factor for osteonecrosis of the jaws. Methods: We report a rare case of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the palatal torus. Results: The patient was a 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis who had received 35 mg alendronate sodium hydrate once every week for 6 years. She had a 2-month history of oral pain because of intractable mucositis and ulceration of the palatal torus, with no history of malignant disease, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, steroid use, or recent dentoalveolar surgery. A CT scan showed a bony prominence at the midportion of the hard palate with erosion of its cortex. Her condition was diagnosed as stage 2 bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by trauma, and she was advised to discontinue alendronate. She was prescribed oral antibiotics for 5 days and an oral antibacterial rinse. The mucositis with ulceration healed in approximately 10 weeks, but left a small scar. Conclusions: Although osteonecrosis of the palatal torus associated with bisphosphonate use is a rare condition, otolaryngologists should consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of intractable ulceration of the hard palate

Preface

The papers included in this section were derived from the topical presentations including but not limited to parasite zoonoses, mammal parasite ecology, and mammal parasite biodiversity given at the IX International Mammalogical Congress (IMC9) held in 31 July-5 August 2005 in Sapporo, Japan