Bus transport; Is there a regulatory cycle?

Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Public Transport in the Developing World Quo Vadis?

Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Recent Developments in Bus Transport In China

China has the largest urban public transport sector in the world. In principle, strategic policy is determined by the central government, and passed down through the organs of state for implementation. In recent years that strategy has included giving priority to public transport and reforming the supply arrangements to secure a more commercial and competitive sector. In practice, responsibility for implementation is completely decentralized, with municipalities having both complete responsibility for financing urban public transport and substantial freedom to interpret central government guidance at the local level. This paper considers the reforms that have already occurred under this regime, the constraints and limitations on the reform process, and the most recent initiatives being undertaken. It shows that a very wide range of systems are being experimented with simultaneously, with so far no sign that central government would intervene in detail or to provide central government finance specifically for the sector.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Recent Developments in Bus Transport Policy in China

Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Designing Competition in Urban Bus Passenger Transport Lessons from Uzbekistan

Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The forward physics facility at the high-luminosity LHC

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential

Bus transport: Is there a regulatory cycle?

In 1983 Douglas Needham's "The Economics and Politics of Regulation" propounded the dynamic nature of the regulatory phenomenon in a world of uncertainty, change and multiple, often conflicting, economic interests. The book's publication coincided with the early years of transport deregulation in the United States, but predated recognition in the transport sector of the significant distinction between competition "in the market" and "for the market". It did not therefore consider whether fluctuations between the domination of administration and that of free market forms, and between public and private sector responsibility for production of major utilities, were inherently perennial or whether there was a potential stable long term combination of public role as procurer and private sector role as supplier of these public utility services. This paper addresses that question in the context of two decades of experience of regulatory reform in the field of bus transport in developing and transitional economies as well as in industrialized countries. It analyzes a number of drivers of the cycle, including the adaptive, self-seeking behavior of suppliers and unrealistic aspirations of politicians, which ensure that stability will be hard to achieve, and concludes by setting out the structural and institutional requirements for a more robust and stable regulatory outcome.Bus transport Regulation Regulatory cycle

A review of issues in transit economics

This paper reviews the development of thought on the major issues in transit economics over the last 50 years, in developed and developing countries. Some issues - the analysis of cost and demand parameters - are perennial, with development mostly in the mathematical sophistication of analytical techniques employed, while others - such as issues of ownership and competitive form - reflect wider trends in economic thinking. Some issues - such as the relationship between transit and development - are universal, while others - such as the role of small vehicles and the informal sector - impact mostly on developing countries. One conclusion stands out. Transit is critical to the achievement of a wide range of social, economic and environmental objectives and, therefore, needs appropriate institutions to ensure its integration with the strategic management of the rest of urban development policy.Transit Public transport Policy objectives Costs Demand Regulatory reform