96 research outputs found
Autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis
AIM: Cardiovascular autonomic and peripheral sensory neuropathy is a known complication of chronic alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for peripheral sensory nerve and autonomic dysfunction using sensitive methods in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).
METHODS: Twenty-four AMA M2 positive female patients with clinical, biochemical and histological evidence of PBC and 20 age matched healthy female subjects were studied. Five standard cardiovascular reflex tests and 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) analysis were performed to define autonomic function. Peripheral sensory nerve function on median and peroneal nerves was characterized by current perception threshold (CPT), measured by a neuroselective diagnostic stimulator (Neurotron, Baltimore, MD).
RESULTS: Fourteen of 24 patients (58%) had at least one abnormal cardiovascular reflex test and thirteen (54%) had peripheral sensory neuropathy. Lower heart rate response to deep breathing (P = 0.001), standing (P = 0.03) and Valsalva manoeuvre (P = 0.01), and more profound decrease of blood pressure after standing (P = 0.03) was found in PBC patients than in controls. As a novel finding we proved that both time domain and frequency domain parameters of 24-h HRV were significantly reduced in PBC patients compared to controls. Each patient had at least one abnormal parameter of HRV. Lower CPT values indicated hyperaesthesia as a characteristic feature at peroneal nerve testing at three frequencies (2000 Hz: P = 0.005; 250 Hz: P = 0.002; 5 Hz: P = 0.004) in PBC compared to controls. Correlation of autonomic dysfunction with the severity and duration of the disease was observed. Lower total power of HRV correlated with lower CPT values at median nerve testing at 250 Hz (P = 0.0001) and at 5 Hz (P = 0.002), as well as with those at peroneal nerve testing at 2000 Hz (P = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunctions are frequent in PBC. Twenty-four-hour HRV analysis is more sensitive than standard cardiovascular tests for detecting of both parasympathetic and sympathetic impairments. Our novel data suggest that hyperaesthesia is a characteristic feature of peripheral sensory neuropathy and might contribute to itching in PBC. Autonomic dysfunction is related to the duration and severity of PBC
Extrahepatikus és hepatikus szövődmények pathogenezise idült májbetegségekben = Pathogenesis of extrahep and hepatic complications in chronic liver diseases
Primer biliaris cirrhosisban (PBC) magas szĂ©rum osteoprotegerin (OPG) Ă©s alacsony RANKL szintet mutattunk ki. A betegekben az OPG szintje szignifikánsan magasabb volt az egĂ©szsĂ©ges kontrollokhoz, valamint az osteopeniás nĹ‘khöz kĂ©pest. Adataink szerint az OPG nem csak az oszteoblasztokbĂłl származhat. Ezt a lehetĹ‘sĂ©get támasztja alá, hogy krĂłnikus C hepatitisben is magas OPG szintet mutattunk ki. Az ATP7B gĂ©n mutáciĂłit vizsgáltuk Wilson kĂłrban. Ă–sszesen 11 kĂĽlönbözĹ‘, köztĂĽk 3 Ăşj mutáciĂłt mutattunk ki. Adataink szerint más közĂ©p-eurĂłpai országhoz hasonlĂłan Magyaroszágon is leggyakoribb a H1069Q mutáciĂł. Kimutattuk, hogy a plazma nociceptin (NC) szint Wilson kĂłrban Ă©s PBC-ben magas. Hepatocelluláris carcinomás betegekben Ă©s patkányban, kĂsĂ©rletes májrák esetĂ©n a liquorban, plazmában Ă©s daganatszövetben is nagyobb NC koncentráciĂłt mĂ©rtĂĽnk. Adataink szerint az extrĂ©m magas plazma NC szint a hepatocelluláris carcinoma egyik indikátora. Primer biliaris cirrhosisos betegekben bizonyĂtottuk, hogy a 24 Ăłrás szĂvfrekvencia variabilitás analĂzise Ă©rzĂ©kenyebb mĂłdszer az autonom neuropathia kimutatására. Kimutattuk, hogy az autonom diszfunkciĂł a betegsĂ©g sĂşlyosságával Ă©s fennállásának idejĂ©vel összefĂĽgg. A szĂ©rum leptin szintet primer biliaris cirrhosisban alacsonynak, a solubilis leptin receptor szintet pedig magasabbnak találtuk. EredmĂ©nyeink hozzájárulhatnak a vizsgált betegsĂ©gek Ă©s szövĹ‘dmĂ©nyeik jobb megismerĂ©sĂ©hez, a korai diagnĂłzishoz Ă©s a megfelelĹ‘ kezelĂ©shez. | We found higher serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients than in healthy controls and in osteopenic women. High OPG levels found in chronic C hepatitis might suggest that inflammatory process in the liver could also contribute to the elevation of osteoprotegerin. We investigated the ATP7B gene mutations in Wilson patients. 11 different mutations including 3 new ones were found. Similarly to other Central-Eastern European countries, the H1069Q mutation was the most frequent one. We reported, that the plasma nociceptin (NC) levels are elevated in Wilson disease and PBC. High NC levels were found in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and tumor tissue in experimentally induced liver cancer in rats. High NC plasma level seems to be an indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma. We proved that autonomic and sensory dysfunctions are frequent in PBC. 24-hour heart rate variability analysis is more sensitive, than standard cardiovascular tests for detection of both parasympathetic and sympathetic impairments. Autonomic dysfunction is related to the duration and severity of PBC. Lower serum leptin levels and higher soluble leptin receptor levels were was found in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis compared to the healthy controls. Our results may contribute to the better understanding of the pathomechanism of liver diseases and their complications, and also to the earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment
A szĂvfrekvencia variabilitás beszűkĂĽlĂ©se Ă©s a cardiovascularis kockázat összefĂĽggĂ©se diabetes mellitusban Ă©s egyĂ©b belgyĂłgyászati betegsĂ©gekben = Relationship between depressed heart rate variability and cardiovascular risk profile in diabetes mellitus and in other medical disorders
Az EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study adatai, valamint frissen felfedezett 1-es tĂpusĂş diabetesesek körĂ©ben vĂ©gzett vizsgálatunk eredmĂ©nyei alapján a hagyományos cardiovascularis rizikĂłfaktorok egyĂşttal a szĂv frekvencia variabilitás beszűkĂĽlĂ©sĂ©vel jellemezhetĹ‘ autonom neuropathia fizikĂłfaktorainak is tekinthetĹ‘k. A dominálĂł parasympathicus károsodással járĂł autonom neuropathia mind 1-es, mind 2-es tĂpusĂş diabetesesekben hypertonia kialakulásához vezet, 1-es tĂpusĂş betegekben egyĂ©rtelmű a microalbuminuriával valĂł összefĂĽggĂ©s is, Ă©s ugyanebben a betegcsoportban dokumentálhatĂł az autonom- Ă©s sensoros neuropathia összefĂĽggĂ©se. Ugyancsak Ăşj adatkĂ©nt autonom- Ă©s sensoros károsodást Ărtunk le Wilson kĂłrban, valamint essentialis hypertoniában szenvedĹ‘ betegekben. Az utĂłbbi betegcsoportban, valamint primer biliaris cirrhosisban szenvedĹ‘ betegekben az autonom- Ă©s sensoros neuropathia rizikĂłfaktorait is Ă©rtĂ©keltĂĽk. | Data of the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study just as our results obtained among patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus, provide evidence that classical cardiovascular risk factors predict the prevalence or progression of autonomic neuropathy characterised by decreased heart rate variability. Predominantly parasympathetic impairment leading to autonomic dysfunction is associated with hypertension in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Among patients with type 1 diabetes, a significant relationship with microalbuminuria and peripheral neuropathy has also been documented. As another novel observation we evaluated the frequancy of autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunction in patients with Wilson?s disease just as the frequency and risk factors of autonomic and sensory neuropathy in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and essential hypertension
A neuropathia diabetica patomechanizmusa: az oki kezelés elméleti háttere = Pathomechanism of diabetic neuropathy: background of the pathogenesis-oriented therapy
A cukorbetegsĂ©ghez társulĂł idegrendszeri károsodás kialakulásának mechanizmusa ma sem teljes mĂ©rtĂ©kben tisztázott, bár az utĂłbbi Ă©vtizedben számos, rĂ©szben terápiás konzekvenciával járĂł adat vált ismerttĂ©. Az endoneuralis vĂ©ráramlás csökkenĂ©se rĂ©szben a primer haemostasis károsodásának, a koaguláciĂłs rendszer trombogĂ©n irányĂş elmozdulásának következmĂ©nye. A hyperglykaemia a szuperoxid-anion fokozott kĂ©pzĹ‘dĂ©se rĂ©vĂ©n a glikolĂzisben kulcsszerepet játszĂł glicerin-aldehid-3-foszfát-dehidrogenáz aktivitásának csökkenĂ©sĂ©hez, alternatĂv anyagcsereutak (poliol-, hexĂłz-amin-, diacil-glicerol-, proteinkináz-C anyagcsereĂşt, fehĂ©rjeglikáciĂł) aktiválĂłdásához vezet. A vĂ©gglikáciĂłs fehĂ©rjĂ©k fokozzák a nukleáris faktor Îş-B aktivitását, vazoaktĂv tĂ©nyezĹ‘k Ă©s citokinek (interleukin-1, -6, tumornekrĂłzis-faktor-α) termelĹ‘dĂ©sĂ©t. A patogenetikai alapon nyugvĂł oki kezelĂ©s cĂ©lja a neuropathiás károsodás progressziĂłjának lassĂtása, megállĂtása vagy visszafordĂtása. Az oki kezelĂ©s legfontosabb összetevĹ‘i: a szĂ©nhidrátanyagcsere-helyzet optimális beállĂtása, a rizikĂłfaktorok kezelĂ©se, valamint benfotiamin Ă©s alfa-liponsav adása. A transzketoláz-aktivátor benfotiamin egyrĂ©szt gátolja a hyperglykaemia következmĂ©nyekĂ©nt elĹ‘tĂ©rbe kerĂĽlĹ‘ legfontosabb alternatĂv anyagcsereutak (fehĂ©rjeglikáciĂł, diacil-glicerol-, proteinkináz-C-aktiváciĂł, poliol- Ă©s hexĂłz-amin-anyagcsereĂşt) aktivitását, másrĂ©szt fokozza a pentĂłz-foszfát-sönt aktivitását. A benfotiamin klinikai hatĂ©konyságát számos hazai Ă©s nemzetközi tanulmány igazolta. Az antioxidáns hatásĂş alfa-liponsav az oxidatĂv stressz csökkentĂ©se rĂ©vĂ©n elĹ‘segĂti a glicerin-aldehid-3-foszfát-dehidrogenáz aktivitásának fokozĂłdását. Az alfa-liponsav mind infĂşziĂłban, mind per os adagolva csökkenti a neuropathiával összefĂĽggĹ‘ tĂĽneteket Ă©s mĂ©rsĂ©kli a neuropathiás károsodást. Ă–sszessĂ©gĂ©ben a neuropathia diabetica jĂłl illusztrálja, hogy a patomechanizmussal kapcsolatos ismereteink bĹ‘vĂĽlĂ©se számottevĹ‘en hozzájárulhat a terápia sikerĂ©hez is.
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The pathomechanism of diabetic neuropathy remains still poorly understood, however, a broad spectrum of novel findings associated with therapeutic consequences emerged during the last decades. Both disturbed function of primary hemostasis and increased activity of coagulation system contribute to the reduced endoneurial blood flow. Increased superoxide anion production induced by hyperglycemia leads to decreased activity of glycerinaldehid-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and to consequential increased activity of alternative pathways, including the polyol-, hexosamine-, diacilglycerol protein kinase-C- and advanced glycation pathways. Advanced glycation endproducts increase the activity of the nuclear-factor κ-B, as well as the production of vasoactive factors and cytokines (interleukin-1, -6, tumor necrosis factor α). The aim of pathogenetic oriented treatment is to slow down, stop or reverse the progression of neuropathy. Components of pathogenetic oriented treatment are glycaemic control, management of risk factors, benfotiamine and alpha-lipoic acid. On one hand, transketolase-activator benfotiamine inhibits alternative pathways induced by hyperglycemia (the polyol-, hexosamine-, diacilglycerol protein kinase-C-, and advanced glycation pathways), while, on the other hand, it increases the activity of the pentose-phosphate-shunt. The clinical effectiveness of benfotiamine has been shown in many international and Hungarian trials. Alpha-lipoic acid as a powerful antioxidant decreases oxidative stress and this way increases the activity of glycerinaldehid-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Alpha-lipoic acid administered in infusion or oral treatment decreases both symptoms of neuropathy and neuropathic deficit. In conclusion, the case of diabetic neuropathy illustrates well, how widening of our knowledge on pathogenesis might contribute to successful therapy
D-vitamin es neuropathia.
Diabetes is a widespread disease and, therefore, studies dealing with diabetes and its complications are very important for public health. Numerous reports link vitamin D deficiency to the increased risk of diabetes mellitus and complications such as neuropathy. However, there are limited and conflicting data available on vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Studies in type 2 diabetics confirmed the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and incidence of neuropathy. Recent reports suggest a relationship between the incidence of plantar ulcers and vitamin D deficiency. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154(51), 2012-2015
A cukorbeteg-ellátás mutatĂłinak alakulása Magyarországon 2001–2014 között. Az Országos EgĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtási PĂ©nztár adatbázis-elemzĂ©sĂ©nek cĂ©lja Ă©s mĂłdszertana | Changes in features of diabetes care in Hungary in the period of years 2001–2014
Absztrakt
Napjainkban a cukorbetegséggel kapcsolatos adatbázis-elemzések új lehetőségként
vonultak be a klinikai kutatások körébe. Hazánkban az egészségügyi ellátásban
rĂ©szesĂĽlĹ‘k központi betegregiszterĂ©t az Országos EgĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtási PĂ©nztár
adatbázisa jelenti. Ide futnak be a hazai fekvő- és járóbeteg-szakellátás havi
adatai, illetve a gyógyszerforgalommal (gyógyszertári receptkiváltással)
kapcsolatos heti jelentĂ©sek. A retrospektĂv vizsgálat cĂ©lja az volt, hogy a
szerzĹ‘k az Országos EgĂ©szsĂ©gbiztosĂtási PĂ©nztár adatbázisát közel másfĂ©l
Ă©vtizedre (2001–2014) visszatekintĹ‘en diabetolĂłgiai szempontbĂłl elemezzĂ©k, s Ăgy
adatokat nyerjenek a cukorbetegséggel kapcsolatos morbiditási és mortalitási
mutatók alakulásáról. Adatokat gyűjtöttek az ellátás költségvonzatáról, a
kórházi kezelés jellemzőiről, illetve a terápiás szokások alakulásáról is. A
jelenlegi dolgozat az elemzés módszertanát tekinti át. A szerzők remélik, hogy
adataik Ă©rtĂ©kesen fogják majd bĹ‘vĂteni a cukorbeteg-ellátás alakulásárĂłl
rendelkezésünkre álló eddigi ismereteket. Orv. Hetil., 2016,
157(32), 1259–1265.
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Abstract
In the last couple of years, database analyses have become increasingly popular
among clinical-epidemiological investigations. In Hungary, the National Health
Insurance Fund serves as central database of all medical attendances in state
departments and purchases of drug prescriptions in pharmacies. Data from in- and
outpatient departments as well as those from pharmacies are regularly collected
in this database which is public and accessible on request. The aim of this
retrospective study was to investigate the database of the National Health
Insurance Fund in order to analyze the diabetes-associated morbidity and
mortality in the period of years 2001–2014. Moreover, data of therapeutic costs,
features of hospitalizations and practice of antidiabetic treatment were
examined. The authors report now on the method of the database analysis. It is
to be hoped that the upcoming results of this investigation will add some new
data to recent knowledge about diabetes care in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2016,
157(32), 1259–1265
Diabetesspecifikus szövődmények praediabetesben = Diabetes-specific complications in prediabetes
SzĂ©les körben elterjedt vĂ©lekedĂ©s szerint diabetesspecifikus (cukorbetegsĂ©gre jellemzĹ‘) idĂĽlt szövĹ‘dmĂ©nyek csak diabetesben alakulhatnak ki. Számos klinikai megfigyelĂ©s utal azonban arra, hogy diabeteses microangiopathiás szövĹ‘dmĂ©nyek (retinopathia, nephropathia Ă©s neuropathia diabetica) praediabetesben, azaz a diabetes kĂłrmegelĹ‘zĹ‘ stádiumában is kimutathatĂłk. Praediabetesben [csökkent glĂĽkĂłztolerancia (IGT) stádiumában] vĂ©gzett nem farmakolĂłgiai intervenciĂł adatai igazolják, hogy Ă©letmĂłd-terápiával nemcsak az Ăşjonnan kialakulĂł 2-es tĂpusĂş diabetes incidenciája szorĂthatĂł vissza, hanem ily mĂłdon a cardiovascularis kockázati tĂ©nyezĹ‘k számszerű Ă©rtĂ©kei Ă©s a már detektálhatĂł, enyhe fokĂş microangiopathiás szövĹ‘dmĂ©nyek jelei is csökkenthetĹ‘k.
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According to the general belief, diabetes-specific late complications may occur only in overt diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, several clinical observations recognized that diabetes-specific microangiopathic complications (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) might be observed even in subjects with prediabetes. The results of non-pharmacological investigations documented that not only the incidence of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes but cardiovascular risk factors and microangiopathic late complications could also be decreased by life-style modification in subjects with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance)
Diabetic Gastroparesis: Functional/Morphologic Background, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
The regulation of gastrointestinal motility mainly involves the smooth muscle, neural (extrinsic and intrinsic), and hormonal elements, the glial cells, and the interstitial cells of Cajal. An orchestrated function of all these components is required for the appropriate propulsive movement of the food in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroparesis, a pathological slowing-down of gastric emptying, is a result of the damage to the tissue elements involved in the regulation of motility. Gastroparesis is one of the well-known complications of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Although it is rarely a life-threatening complication, it has a deteriorating effect on the quality of life, leads to unpredictable oscillation of the blood glucose level, and increases the time required for the absorption of food and medicines. This review describes the clinical characteristics of diabetic gastroparesis and summarizes the organic and functional motility abnormalities caused by this complication. Finally, the currently available and potential future therapeutic approaches are summarized
A poli (ADP-ribóz) polimeráz enzim szerepe diabeteszes komplikációk patogenezisében = Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and diabetic complications
A jelen munkában a PARP fehĂ©rje szerepĂ©t vizsgáltuk a cukobetegsĂ©g szövĹ‘dmĂ©nyeinek kialakulásában. Kimutattuk, hogy az erek Ă©s a vese károsodásában fontos szerepe van ennek a fehĂ©rjĂ©nek, Ă©s a fehĂ©rje aktivitásának gátlása állatokban javĂtja a betegsĂ©g lefolyását. Ă–sszefĂĽggĂ©st találtunk a PARP aktiváciĂłja, valamint a rosszul beállĂtott cukorbetegsĂ©g között, Ă©s kimutattuk kĂĽlönfĂ©le sejten belĂĽli szignál transzdukciĂłs Ăşt szerepĂ©t ezekben a folyamatokban. A munka számos nemzetközi szintű közlemĂ©nyt eredmĂ©nyezett. | In the present project, we have investigated the role of the PARP enzyme in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We have demonstrated that the vascular and renal damage associated with diabetes is importantly mediated by the activation of the PARP enzyme. We have demonstrated a relationship between poorly controlled diabetes and the activation of PARP and we have demonstrated the role of several intracellular signal transduction pathways in the process. The work has resulted in a number of internationally significant publications
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