4 research outputs found
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Viscous diffusion of vorticity in unsteady wall layers using the diffusion velocity concept
The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a careful evaluation of the diffusion velocity concept with regard to its ability to predict the diffusion of vorticity near a moving wall. A computer code BDIF has been written which simulates the evolution of the vorticity field near a wall of infinite length which is moving in an arbitrary fashion. The simulations generated by this code are found to give excellent results when compared to several exact solutions. We also outline a two-dimensional unsteady viscous boundary layer model which utilizes the diffusion velocity concept and is compatible with vortex methods. A primary goal of this boundary layer model is to minimize the number of vortices generated on the surface at each time step while achieving good resolution of the vorticity field near the wall. Preliminary results have been obtained for simulating a simple two-dimensional laminar boundary layer
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Numerical and experimental investigation of vortical flow-flame interaction
A massively parallel coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian low Mach number reacting flow code is developed and used to study the structure and dynamics of a forced planar buoyant jet flame in two dimensions. The numerical construction uses a finite difference scheme with adaptive mesh refinement for solving the scalar conservation equations, and the vortex method for the momentum equations, with the necessary coupling terms. The numerical model construction is presented, along with computational issues regarding the parallel implementation. An experimental acoustically forced planar jet burner apparatus is also developed and used to study the velocity and scalar fields in this flow, and to provide useful data for validation of the computed jet. Burner design and laser diagnostic details are discussed, along with the measured laboratory jet flame dynamics. The computed reacting jet flow is also presented, with focus on both large-scale outer buoyant structures and the lifted flame stabilization dynamics. A triple flame structure is observed at the flame base in the computed flow, as is theoretically expected, but was not observable with present diagnostic techniques in the laboratory flame. Computed and experimental results are compared, along with implications for model improvements
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Triple flame structure and dynamics at the stabilization point of a lifted jet diffusion flame
A coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian low-Mach-number numerical scheme is developed, using the vortex method for the momentum equations, and a finite difference approach with adaptive mesh refinement for the scalar conservation equations. The scheme is used to study the structure and dynamics of a forced lifted buoyant planar jet flame. Outer buoyant structures, driven by baroclinic vorticity generation, are observed. The flame base is found to stabilize in a region where flow velocities are sufficiently small to allow its existence. A triple flame is observed at the flame base, a result of premixing of fuel and oxidizer upstream of the ignition point. The structure and dynamics of the triple flame, and its modulation by jet vortex structures, are studied. The spatial extent of the triple flame is small, such that it fits wholly within the rounded flame base temperature field. The dilatation rate field outlines the edge of the hot fluid at the flame base. Neither the temperature field nor the dilatation rate field seem appropriate for experimental measurement of the triple flame in this flow
Pattern recognition by pentraxins
Pentraxins are a family of evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition proteins that are made up of five identical subunits. Based on the primary structure of the subunit, the pentraxins are divided into two groups: short pentraxins and long pentraxins. C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P-component (SAP) are the two short pentraxins. The prototype protein of the long pentraxin group is pentraxin 3 (PTX3). CRP and SAP are produced primarily in the liver while PTX3 is produced in a variery oftissues during inflammation. The main functions of short pentraxins are to recognize a variery of pathogenic agents and then to either eliminate them or neutralize their harmful effects by utilizing the complement pathways and macrophages in the host. CRP binds to modified low-densiry lipoproteins, bacterial polysaccharides, apoptotic cells, and nuclear materials. By virtue of these recognition functions, CRP participates in the resolution ofcardiovascular, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. SAP recognizes carbohydrates, nuclear substances, and amyloid fibrils and thus participates in the resolution of infectious diseases, autoimmuniry, and amyloidosis. PTX3 interacts with several ligands, including growth factors, extracellular matrix component and selected pathogens, playing a role in complement activation and facilitating pathogen recognition by phagoeytes. In addition, data in gene-targeted mice show that PTX3 is essential in female fertiliry, participating in the assembly of the cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix. PTX3 is therefore a nonredundant component ofthe humoral arm of innate immuniry as well as a tuner of inflammation. Thus, in conjunction with the other components ofinnate immuniry, the pentraxins use their pattern-recognition properry for the benefit of the host