Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in women with iron deficiency anaemia

WOS: 000349116500011PubMed: 25476798Objective To evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in adult women with iron deficiency anaemia and healthy control subjects. Methods Women with iron deficiency anaemia and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were sequentially recruited and underwent detailed ophthalmic examination, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Serum haemoglobin (Hb), iron and ferritin concentrations, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and mean corpuscular volume were determined. Results Peripapillary RNFL thicknesses in the nasal and inferior quadrants were significantly smaller in patients (n=40) than in controls (n=40). in the patient group, there were significant correlations between inferior quadrant RNFL thickness and Hb, and between nasal quadrant RNFL thickness and serum iron and ferritin concentrations, and TIBC. Conclusion Iron deficiency anaemia reduces RNFL thickness in adult women

Effect of Pterygium Surgery on Tear Osmolarity

Purpose. To investigate changes of dry eye test results in patients who underwent pterygium surgery. Methods. Seventy-four patients who underwent primary pterygium surgery were enrolled in this study. At the baseline, 3-, 12-, and 18-month visits, measurements of tear osmolarity, BUT, and Schirmer test were performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium did not recur, and Group 2, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium recurred after surgery. Results. The patients in Group 1 had lower tear osmolarity levels after surgery than those at baseline (all P0.05). Conclusions. Anormal tear film function associated with pterygium. Pterygium excision improved tear osmolarity and tear film function. However, tear osmolarity deteriorated again with the recurrence of pterygium

Serum YKL-40 levels as a novel marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

WOS: 000321700800013PubMed: 23661157Purpose To evaluate serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) in comparison with those of age-and sex-matched healthy subjects. Methods Forty patients with PEX (PEX group) and 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. An enzyme immunoassay method using the commercially available test MicroVue YKL-40 was used to measure serum YKL-40 concentration. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides were also examined. Results the mean age was 54.4 +/- 7.6 (ranging 41-65) years in each group. the mean serum YKL-40 level of the PEX group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). in addition, the mean serum HsCRP, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides levels were significantly higher, and mean serum HDL level was significantly lower in the PEX group than in the control group (all P<0.001, excluding both P = 0.002 for triglycerides and HDL levels). Further, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the PEX group than in the control group (P-1 = 0.001 and P-2 = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion We have shown a relationship between PEX and elevated serum levels of YKL-40. We imply that a better understanding of the role of YKL-40 in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis is necessary to develop new therapies for preventing or treating PEX. Further studies are warranted to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings

First isolation of Enterococcus strains in pig faeces in Turkey and determination of antibiotic susceptibilities

In this trial, Enterococcus strains were isolated from a total of 69 faecal samples obtained from 238 pigs (105 pigs 6 months old) on three pig farms located in Istanbul and Tekirdag Provinces in the Marmara Region of Turkey in the summer season of 2003. Forty-seven of the isolates were determined as Enterococcus faecium (68%), 15 isolates as Enterococcus faecalis (21.7%), three isolates as Enterococcus gallinarum (4.3%) and one of each as Enterococcus hirae (1.4%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (1.4%), Enterococcus cecorum (1.4%) and Enterococcus sulfurens (1.4%). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibilites of isolates were assessed through the disk diffusion method. Among 47 E. faecium isolates, 44 were determined to be resistant to erythromycin, 38 to ciprofloxacine, and three isolates were resistant to vancomycin. All E. faecalis isolates were resistant to erythromycin (100%) and four were resistant to vancomycin (27%). Five E. faecium (11%) and five E. faecalis isolates (33%) were found to exhibit intermediate resistance to vancomycin. In this study, isolates obtained from pig faeces were determined to exhibit a high rate of antimicrobial resistance. This study is the first report on isolation and determination of antimicrobial resistance of Enterocci in Turkey

Ophthalmologic findings in children with cerebral palsy

Serebral palsi (SP), erken çocukluk çağında görülen kronik bir rahatsızlıktır. Gelişimini tamamlayamamış bir beyinden kaynaklanan, ilk iki yaş içinde görülen, ilerleyici olmayan, postür ve hareket bozukluğuna yol açan bir hastalık olarak tanımlanmıştır. Serebral palsili olgularda yüksek oranlarda oftalmolojik problemlerle karşılaşılmasının nedeni, görme fonksiyonunun beyinde geniş bir alan kaplamasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Normal popülasyonda görme sistemi bozukluğu %4 ile 5 arasında değişirken SP li çocuklarda bu oran neredeyse 10 kat daha sık olarak görülmektedir. Serebral palsi hastalarının kontrol altında olmaması, ileri dönemde muayenelerinin yapılması ve hastaların gözlük kullanımında zorluk çıkarması nedeniyle bu hastalarda ambliyopi normal popülasyona göre daha sık görülmektedir. Serebral palsi hastaları, multidisipliner yaklaşım gerektiren tedavi ve desteğe ihtiyaç duyarlar. Bu nedenle SP’li olguların erken dönemde göz hekimlerine yönlendirilerek, detaylı bir oftalmolojik muayenelerinin yapılması önemlidir. Ayrıca çeşitli derecelerde eşlik edebilecek oftalmolojik, odyolojik, ortopedik, psikolojik problemlerine müdahale edilmesi ve özel eğitimlerinin erken yaşlardan itibaren itinayla planlanması sonucu toplum içindeki yerlerini almaları kolaylaştırılabilir. (Turk J Oph thal mol 2012; 42: 219-26)Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic disease which is seen in early childhood, i.e. in the first two years of life. It is a non-progressive disorder resulting from a defect or lesion in the immature brain and thus leading to posture and movement disorders. The reason for facing high rates of ophthalmologic problems in CP cases is that visual functions are covered in a large area in the brain. While vision defect in the normal population ranges from 4 to 5%, this rate in children with CP is nearly ten times more . Given that patients with CP are not followed up, the ophthalmologic examination is performed in advanced stages and that there are difficulties in spectacle use, amblyopia is detected more often in those patients than in healthy people. The treatment of CP patients needs multi-disciplinary cooperation. So, CP patients must be referred to ophthalmologists for a detailed examination in the early stages. Furthermore, other accompanying disorders (audiologic, orthopedic and psychiatric) should be evaluated and rehabilitation programmes should be carefully applied in early stages to help CP patients achieve healthy lifestyle. (Turk J Oph thal mol 2012; 42: 219-26

Effect of central corneal thickness on the efficacy of topical latanoprost therapy in cases with primary open angle glaucoma

Amaç: Primer açık açılı glokomlu (PAAG) olgularda topikal latanoprost tedavisinin etkinliği üzerine merkezi kornea kalınlığının (MKK) etkisini değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu ileriye dönük çalışmada 33 PAAG’li hastaya ait 54 gözdeki klinik bulgular araştırıldı. Tüm gözlerde ultrasonik pakimetriyle MKK ve nonkontakt tonometriyle göz içi basıncı (GİB) ölçüldü. Daha sonra gözler ince (?540 mikron) ve kalın (>540 mikron) kornealı gruplar olarak ayrıldı. Tüm gözler %0.005 latanoprost ile tedavi edildi ve dördüncü haftada sonuç GİB değerleri ölçüldü. İki gruptaki MKK ve GİB ölçümleri istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı ve MKK ile tedaviyle elde edilen GİB düşüşü arasındaki ilişkiler incelendi. Bulgular: İnce kornealı grupta (n=28) ortalama MKK 525.07±18.06 mikron ve bazal GİB düzeyleri 25.25±2.19 mmHg idi. Bu değerler kalın kornealı grupta (n=26) sırasıyla 569.62±22.14 mikron ve 26.31±2.74 mmHg idi. İki grup arasında bazal GİB değerleri açısından farklılık yokken (p=0.122), MKK değerleri açısından farklılık mevcuttu (p540 micron) cornea groups. All eyes were treated with latanoprost 0.005% and the final IOP levels were measured at fourth week. CCT and IOP measurements in two groups were compared statistically and correlations between CCT and IOP decrease obtained with treatment were investigated. Results: In thin cornea group (n=28), mean CCTs were 525.07±18.06 micron and baseline IOP levels were 25.25±2.19 mmHg. These levels were 569.62±22.14 micron and 26.31±2.74 mmHg respectively in thick cornea group (n=26). The two groups did not differ in terms of baseline IOPs (p=0.122) but in CCTs (p<0.0001). In terms of mean IOP measurements at fourth week, the two groups were statistically different from each other (18.07±2.75 mmHg, and 22.15±3.77 mmHg respectively, p<0.0001). There was a significant correlation between CCT measurements and levels of IOP decrease obtained with treatment (r=-0.667, p<0.0001). Conclusion: IOP lowering effect of latanoprost is affected by CCT. Therefore, CCT measurements may be useful in interpreting clinical efficacy of latanoprost

Düşük serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d düzeylerinin retina sinir lifi kalınlığına etkisi

Amaç: Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) düzeyi düşük hastaların retina sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT) kalınlıklarını sağlıklı insanlarınkiyle karşılaştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: Serum 25OHD düzeyi düşük 40 premenopozal kadının 40 gözü (hasta grubu) ile yaş ve cinsiyetleri aynı olarak seçilen 40 sağlıklı gönüllünün 40 gözü (kontrol grubu) çalışma kapsamına alındı. Her katılımcının disk alanı (DA), rim alanı (RA), santral fovea kalınlığı (SFK), foveal hacim (FH), ortalama foveal kalınlık (OFK) ile ortalama, temporal, nazal, inferior ve superior kadran peripapiller RSLT kalınlıkları Cirrus HD spektral-domain OKT ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Hasta grubunda SFK ve OFK değerleri kontrol grubuna göre daha inceydi fakat aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p1=0.019 and p2=0.025, sırasıyla). Ancak SFK değerleri ile serum 25OHD değerleri arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon mevcuttu (r1=0.371, p1<0.001). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada düşük serum 25OHD düzeylerinin SFK ve OFK değerlerinde incelmeye sebep olduğunu, ancak bu incelmenin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığını gösterdik. Fakat SFK değerleri ile serum 25OHD değerleri arasında bir ilişki mevcuttu. Bu konuda daha fazla katılımcıdan oluşan daha fazla sayıda çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.Purpose: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of patients with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with those of healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Forty eyes of 40 premenopausal women with low serum 25OHD (patient group) and 40 eyes of 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. Disc area (DA), rim area (RA), central subfield thickness (CST), cube volume (CV), cube average thickness (CAT), average RNFL thickness, and peripapillary RNFL thicknesses of temporal, nasal, inferior, and superior quadrants were determined by Cirrus HD spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in each participant. Results: Although CST and CAT were thinner in the patient group than in the control group, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p1=0.019 and p2=0.025, respectively). On the other hand, CST had a significant correlation with serum 25OHD levels (r1=0.371, p1<0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrated that although low serum 25OHD levels caused CST and CAT thinning, this thinning was not statistically significant. However, there was a relationship between the CST and serum 25OHD levels. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted

Dry eye in patients with fibromyalgia and its relevance to functional and emotional status

WOS: 000318967800031PubMed: 23538622Purpose: To evaluate dry eye in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Methods: Fifty-three FM patients and 53 age and sex well-matched controls were included in this study. Visual analog scale (VAS), number of tender points, FM impact questionnaire (FIQ), Beck depression scale (BDS), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), the tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and tear osmolarity (TO) were assessed. Results: the OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer test, and TO scores of the FMand control groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). the OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer test, and TO were higher in FM with high FIQ, and TBUT and TO were higher in FM with high BDS. in FM patients, Schirmer test was correlated with the VAS (r = -0.429, P = 0.001), BDS (r = -0.277, P = 0.044), and FIQ (r = -0.382, P = 0.005), and the TBUT was correlated with the VAS (r = -0.537, P < 0.001), BDS (r = -0.350, P = 0.010), and FIQ (r = -0.456, P = 0.001). in addition, TO was significantly correlated with the VAS (r = 0.681, P < 0.001), BDS (r = 0.661, P < 0.001), and FIQ (r = 0.842, P < 0.001). However, no significant correlation existed between the OSDI and the VAS, BDS, or FIQ. Conclusions: We have revealed an association between FM disease activity and dry eye severity. the consideration of this relation will be useful in the treatment of FM with deteriorated clinical status

Ön üveitli gözlerde maküler kalınlaşma

Amaç: Ön üveitli gözlerin tedavi öncesi ve sonrası maküler ve peripapiller retinal sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT) değişiklikleri- nin optik koherens tomografi (OKT) ile araştırılması. Gereç ve Yöntem: On yedi ön üveitli hastanın üveitli gözleri ile sağlıklı diğer gözleri (kontrol) çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Te- davi öncesi ve remisyon sonrası 2. ay peripapiller RSLT, optik sinir başı ve maküler ölçümler Cirrus HD OKT kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 32.0±12.3 idi. Üveitli gözler sağlıklı control gözlerine göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek santral subfield kalınlık (CST) değerlerine sahipti (p=0.010). Üveitli gözlerde CST tedavi sonrası anlamlı derecede düşer- ken, sağlıklı control gözlerde tedavi öncesi ve sonrası CST değerleri arasında fark yoktu. Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmada Cirrus HD OKT ile yapılan ölçümlerde ön üveitli gözlerin sağlıklı kontrol gözlere göre anlamlı derecede yüksek CST değerlerine sahip olduğunu gösterdik. OKT cihazları ön üveitli gözlerde klinik muayene ile tespit edilemeyen mikroskopik değişikliklerin invaziv olmayan yöntemle saptanması için kullanılabilir.Purpose: To investigate pre- and post-treatment macular and peripapillary nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes in eyes with acute anterior uveitis (AU) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and Methods: Seventeen eyes of 17 patients with AU (uveitic eyes) and unaffected fellow (control) eyes of these patients were enrolled to the study. Peripapillary RNFL, optic nerve head, and macular scans were performed using Cirrus HD OCT. OCT measurements were performed at baseline (before starting treatment) and two months after the remission for each subject. Results: The mean age of the patients was 32.0±12.3 years. Uveitic eyes had significantly higher central subfield thickness (CST) values than healthy fellow control eyes (p=0.010). CST decreased significantly after the treatment compared with baseline (p=0.001) in the uveitic eyes, whereas there was no significant difference between pre- and post-treatment CST values of healthy fellow control eyes. Conclusions: We have shown that eyes with AU had higher CST than healthy fellow eyes in Cirrus HD OCT. OCT devices may be useful for noninvasive evaluation of microscopic macular changes that are not yet obvious in a standard clinical examination

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide versus pars plana vitrectomy for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema

WOS: 000311546500013PubMed: 22928501Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection versus 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for the treatment of chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Methods: This retrospective, comparative, consecutive case series study included 39 patients with chronic pseudophakic CME. Twenty eyes in 20 patients were treated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVT group), and 19 eyes in 19 patients were treated with pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (PPV group). in both groups, complete ophthalmologic examinations were performed before and after procedures. Findings were compared between the groups. Results: Both groups experienced a significant improvement in visual acuity and macular thickness after 12 months follow-up. At months 1 and 2, the IVT group showed a significant improvement in visual acuity and a significant reduction in macular thickness compared with the PPV group (p < 0.05), but these differences were not statistically significant between the groups after the 12-month period. Conclusion: Both intravitreal steroid injection and pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling had a favorable effect on visual and anatomic results in patients with chronic pseudophakic CME. However, surgical treatment had no advantage over intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection after 12-months follow-up