Anti-trust legislation : the legal regulation of monopoly

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What Made You Hear That? An Examination of the Rehearsal Listening of Accomplished School-Based Music Conductors

While there has been much systematic investigation of observable conductor behaviors, little examination has taken place of the listening habits and thought processes of conductors while in the act of evaluative listening. These cognitive elements are critical because they are the impetus for the decision-making that leads to conductor rehearsal behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the thinking of accomplished school based band conductors. How do they evaluate musical performance—less so the evaluation, more so the thinking that informs the evaluation? A grounded theory-like approach was integrated in cross-case study methodology to answer inquiries about the listening processes of three “levels” of accomplished band conductor— a university conductor, an experienced secondary music conductor, and a young secondary music conductor. A think aloud protocol generated data across three sets of listening activities designed to stimulate verbal responses to the evaluative listening act. Analysis uncovered three cross-case themes that provide entry points into how accomplished conductors think while listening. More specifically, results expose through self-report the “triggers” for the thoughts or the perceived causes of this or that focus of attention relative to music performance. The three cross-case themes that triggered listening were 1) prior context-neutral knowledge/experience, 2) prior contextualized knowledge/experience, and 3) in-the-moment decision making. Applications of results are discussed in the context of music teacher education

La tecnología central detrás y más allá de ChatGPT: Una revisión exhaustiva de los modelos de lenguaje en la investigación educativa

ChatGPT has garnered significant attention within the education industry. Given the core technology behind ChatGPT is language model, this study aims to critically review related publications and suggest future direction of language model in educational research. We aim to address three questions: i) what is the core technology behind ChatGPT, ii) what is the state of knowledge of related research and iii) the potential research direction. A critical review of related publications was conducted in order to evaluate the current state of knowledge of language model in educational research. In addition, we further suggest a purpose oriented guiding framework for future research of language model in education. Our study promptly responded to the concerns raised by ChatGPT from the education industry and offers the industry with a comprehensive and systematic overview of related technologies. We believe this is the first time that a study has been conducted to systematically review the state of knowledge of language model in educational research. ChatGPT ha atraído una gran atención en el sector educativo. Dado que la tecnología central detrás de ChatGPT es el modelo de lenguaje, este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar críticamente publicaciones relacionadas y sugerir la dirección futura del modelo de lenguaje en la investigación educativa. Nuestro objetivo es abordar tres preguntas: i) cuál es la tecnología central detrás de ChatGPT, ii) cuál es el nivel de conocimiento de la investigación relacionada y iii) la dirección del potencial de investigación. Se llevó a cabo una revisión crítica de publicaciones relacionadas con el fin de evaluar el estado actual del conocimiento del modelo lingüístico en la investigación educativa. Además, sugerimos un marco rector para futuras investigaciones sobre modelos lingüísticos en educación. Nuestro estudio respondió rápidamente a las preocupaciones planteadas por el uso de ChatGPT en la industria educativa y proporciona a la industria una descripción general completa y sistemática de las tecnologías relacionadas. Creemos que esta es la primera vez que se realiza un estudio para revisar sistemáticamente el nivel de conocimiento del modelo lingüístico en la investigación educativa

Try Scoring in the RFU Championship

Previous Rugby Union studies have identified a strong correlation between the number of tries scored and winning matches (Laird & Lorimer 2004; Lim et al. 2011). However, to date, the concept of try scoring has not been examined in the RFU Championship, where the majority of premiership academy players gain vital match experience. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the characteristics that lead to the scoring of a try. Twenty-eight competitive matches from the 2010/2011 RFU Championship were analysed using the SportsCode elite system (Sportstec). All tries were analysed utilising the following performance indicators; the possession starter and location, number of phases and placement location, all of which were recorded for one team when playing at home and away (Intra operator reliability – % error score 1.69%±0.01%). Due to the non-parametric nature of the data, a Mann Whitney U tests was utilised and identified no significant (p<0.05) differences between all performance indicators. However, a number of key findings were identified; during the 28 matches, a total of 116 tries were scored averaging 4.1 tries per game. Of the 116 tries, 40.52% were scored from the within the opponents 22nd and the ball was grounded 64 times in the 15 meter channels. The team scored 66% of tries from set-pieces and 61% of tries were scored within three phases. This study has reported the characteristics which affect build up and placement of tries, and identified that the analysed team had a greater chance of scoring a try when possession was gained from a set-piece on the right-hand side within the opponents 22. In addition this study has also provided an insight into the strategies utilised by a RFU Championship team during the build up to scoring tries

Investigation into the prediction of summer over-heating by dynamic thermal modelling : comparisons with three, naturally ventilated case study office buildings.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the prediction of summer over-heating in naturally ventilated office buildings by dynamic thermal modelling. Three case study buildings were modelled using the commercial, TAS dynamic thermal modelling software and their internal air temperature levels monitored. To find the optimum level of modelling complexity that compared with the physically monitored data, dynamic thermal models were altered from an initial 'Basic' model through to a very complex modelling set-up. From the changes in internal temperature prediction, created by varying the complexity of the model set-up (allowing for variations in the modelling strategy applied and the estimates/data applied by necessity in the model e.g. weather file information, blinds usage etc.) the relative effects upon the building design of these results can be assessed. This assessment was conducted by viewing the results against current UK over-heating guidelines used in the building design industry and/or by building users. Further, where these current guidelines proved of little usability for the cross-comparison of the actual monitored summer data and the realistic modelling set-up decisions, a new overheating guideline criteria was proposed

A Simplified Improvement on the Design of QO-STBC Based on Hadamard Matrices

yesIn this paper, a simplified approach for implementing QO-STBC is presented. It is based on the Hadamard matrix, in which the scheme exploits the Hadamard property to attain full diversity. Hadamard matrix has the characteristic that diagonalizes a quasi-cyclic matrix and decoding matrix that are diagonal matrix permit linear decoding. Using quasi-cyclic matrices in designing QO-STBC systems require that the codes should be rotated to reasonably separate one code from another such that error floor in the design can be minimized. It will be shown that, orthogonalizing the secondary codes and then imposing the Hadamard criteria that the scheme can be well diagonalized. The results of this simplified approach demonstrate full diversity and better performance than the interference-free QO-STBC. Results show about 4 dB gain with respect to the traditional QO-STBC scheme and performs alike with the earlier Hadamard based QO-STBC designed with rotation. These results achieve the consequent mathematical proposition of the Hadamard matrix and its property also shown in this study

Towards a Seamless Future Generation Network for High Speed Wireless Communications

YesThe MIMO technology towards achieving future generation broadband networks design criteria is presented. Typical next generation scenarios are investigated. The MIMO technology is integrated with the OFDM technology for effective space, time and frequency diversity exploitations for high speed outdoor environment. Two different OFDM design kernels (fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet packet transform (WPT)) are used at the baseband for OFDM system travelling at terrestrial high speed for 800MHz and 2.6GHz operating frequencies. Results show that the wavelet kernel for designing OFDM systems can withstand doubly selective channel fading for mobiles speeds up to 280Km/hr at the expense of the traditional OFDM design kernel, the fast Fourier transform

Novel Fractional Wavelet Transform with Closed-Form Expression

yesA new wavelet transform (WT) is introduced based on the fractional properties of the traditional Fourier transform. The new wavelet follows from the fractional Fourier order which uniquely identifies the representation of an input function in a fractional domain. It exploits the combined advantages of WT and fractional Fourier transform (FrFT). The transform permits the identification of a transformed function based on the fractional rotation in time-frequency plane. The fractional rotation is then used to identify individual fractional daughter wavelets. This study is, for convenience, limited to one-dimension. Approach for discussing two or more dimensions is shown

On the application of raised-cosine wavelets for multicarrier systems design

YesNew orthogonal wavelet transforms can be designed by changing the wavelet basis functions or by constructing new low-pass filters (LPF). One family of wavelet may appeal, in use, to a particular application than another. In this study, the wavelet transform based on raisedcosine spectrum is used as an independent orthogonal wavelet to study multicarrier modulation behaviour over multipath channel environment. Then, the raised-cosine wavelet is compared with other well-known orthogonal wavelets that are used, also, to build multicarrier modulation systems. Traditional orthogonal wavelets do not have side-lobes, while the raised-cosine wavelets have lots of side-lobes; these characteristics influence the wavelet behaviour. It will be shown that the raised-cosine wavelet transform, as an orthogonal wavelet, does not support the design of multicarrier application well like the existing well-known orthogonal wavelets