Code Girls in World War Two

Before World War Two, women were typically seen as school teachers or housewives. However, when a prominent war occurred, many women switched careers for the given time and helped out with the homefront. Some women traveled to the front lines and flew planes or served as nurses. However, many of the women remained behind the scenes. The Code Girls is a prime example of that; they were used to break codes behind the scenes to support those on the front lines. Many of these girls were school teachers, or obtaining a college degree in either math or science. For a woman to have a college degree at this time was rare and almost unheard of, she would have to be from a wealthy family to attend school. The Navy and Army would search for these women as they were highly educated. During this time, only twenty percent of girls sought a higher education1. During this period, college was seen as no place for young ladies. Nevertheless, women were desperately needed, so the Navy and Army sought out the best of the best2. Both branches of the armed services needed help with the logistical side of the war, intelligence. Since many of the men were off fighting the only option was to get school girls. These girls that were hand-selected would eventually be given the name “Code Girls.”3 The Code Girls allowed the Allied powers to dominate the Axis because of their background, work ethic, and intelligence

Present/Forthcoming: Tracing imagined waters and their inhabitants

Report from the Art+Water, art and science project 2019.Present/forthcoming -  a collaboration between Kelly's studio practices and the workings of Jon Linqvist’s ichnology research

The Combined Effects of Atrazine and Tetracycline on Primary Producers and Zooplankton in Freshwater Microcosms

Widespread use of agrochemicals such as herbicides and antibiotics increases their likelihood of entering aquatic systems in mixture. Despite different modes of action, atrazine (herbicide) and tetracycline (antibiotic) adversely affect non-target photosynthetic organisms, such algae and macrophytes, with the potential to reduce food availability to higher trophic levels. However, the effects of simultaneous exposure to both contaminants have yet to be determined. I hypothesized that a mixture of atrazine and tetracycline affects freshwater communities differently than each compound alone. A microcosm experiment was conducted to test effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine (1 μg L-1) and tetracycline (1 μg L-1), alone and together, on the green microalga Chlorella sp., the duckweed Lemna minor, and the microscopic crustacean Daphnia magna in a greenhouse over a period of 10 days. The endpoints measured were Chlorella sp. cell density and chlorophyll a concentration, L. minor growth and tissue condition, and mortality and reproduction of D. magna. Atrazine appeared to decrease Chlorella sp. abundance but not enough to reduce food availability to D. magna, whose reproduction and mortality were unaffected. Tetracycline and atrazine decreased L. minor abundance individually and in combination. Furthermore, the reduction in the combination treatment appeared to be additive. Growth inhibition was highest in the combination treatment. The greater adverse effects associated with mixtures of atrazine and tetracycline on L. minor compared to the individual compounds suggests increased potential for population decline over the long term. Losses of aquatic plants in turn may alter aquatic community composition and species interactions

The Impact of Perceived Administrative Support on Teacher Burnout

Teachers are crucial to many facets of life (Güneyli, 2012). Due to current occupational requirements and emotional demands, many educational professionals experience burnout (Roethler, 2021). Burnout occurs when daily occupational challenges overpower one\u27s ability to maintain a healthy emotional state and meet professional demands (Roethler, 2021). Previous studies have been conducted on the levels of teacher stress and burnout (Agyapong et al., 2022; Chang, 2009; Lindqvist et al., 2021; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2021), while few studies explored the impact of administrative support and its contribution to burnout within the teacher population (Howard et al., 2017; Jacob, 2007; McCray-Davis, 2022; Tickle et al., 2011). Therefore, this dissertation\u27s purpose was to create and pilot a measure of perceived administrative support to analyze the stress and burnout levels of K-12 teachers. It was hypothesized that teachers with higher levels of perceived support would report lower levels of stress and burnout; however, this was not the case. The study was released in two phases: Phase 1 was the determination of the psychometric properties of the Perceived Administrative Support Scale (PASS) and the piloting of the scale. Phase 2 used the piloted measure to compare reported levels of stress and burnout experienced by teachers. The study\u27s first phase included a pilot study with an exploratory factor analysis on the Perceived Administrative Support Scale (PASS), which received 207 total responses. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample was N=133. Statistical analysis of those variables yielded significant findings for 21 items related to their four factors (Culture, Climate, Public Support, Adequate Preparation, Relational Trust, and Mentorship). It was also determined that the PASS held a strong internal consistency amongst factors ranging from 0.78-0.85 and a strong scale consistency of 0.92. The study\u27s second phase was the moderation analysis, which included the previously piloted and revised Perceived Administrative Support Scale, Teacher Burnout Scale (Seidman & Zager, 1987), and Teacher Stress Inventory (Fimian, 1988), which yielded 148 total responses. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample was N=120. To answer our first research question: What percentage of teachers experience high levels of burnout? Participants who reported burnout levels above 3.58 were considered high levels of burnout, determined through interquartile ranks and demographic information. It was found that many teachers within our sample experienced burnout. To answer our second research question: What is the relationship between stress and burnout in teachers K-12? A regression analysis with perceived administrative support and stress as the predictors, with levels of teacher burnout as the dependent variable. Overall, the results showed that the utility of the predictive model was significant. However, further examination of the predictors yielded non-significant results for perceived administrative support related to teacher burnout. Moreover, this indicates that perceived administrative support does not significantly affect teacher burnout. However, teacher stress did yield significant findings, indicating that teacher stress plays a significant role in teacher burnout. The final question this dissertation sought to answer was: Does administrative support moderate the relationship between stress and burnout? A moderation analysis was run and determined that perceived administrative support did not successfully moderate teacher burnout levels

The Hidden Effects of Parasites in a Changing Ocean

Trematode parasites are a fascinating group of species which occur in almost all types of marine habitat and infect many ecologically and commercially important marine organisms. They possess complex life histories that involve multiple host species, often radically change morphology as they move between hosts, and can dramatically alter the performance of infected organisms.As with all marine organisms, trematodes are affected by human-mediated changes to the global oceans – for example, warmer temperatures, less available oxygen, increased seawater acidity.Of course, given the complex nature of host–parasite interactions, the effects of such changes to the marine environment could have equally complex consequences for disease dynamics. The potential for such substantial change to the role of trematode parasites caused by a changing marine environment can best be understood by following a single parasite species through a complete life cycle

Barriers to Faith: An Annotated Bibliography

A review of the recent book publications related to the spring theme, Unity in Christ. We include the following titles. Anderson, Tawa J. Why Believe: Christian Apologetics for a Skeptical Age (Hobbs College Library), edited by Heath A. Thomas. Nashville: B&H Publishing Group. 2021. ISBN-13: 978-1087724232. 336 pages. $26.99. Bahnsen, Greg L. By This Standard: The Authority of God\u27s Law Today. Murrell’s Inlet, South Carolina: Covenant Media Press, 2020. ISBN-13: 978-0998025216. 275 pages.$30.00. Bass, Justin W. The Bedrock of Christianity: The Unalterable Facts of Jesus\u27 Death and Resurrection. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2020. ISBN-13: 978-1683593607. 272 pages. $18.99. Enns, Peter. How the Bible Actually Works: in Which I Explain How an Ancient, Ambiguous, and Diverse Book Leads Us to Wisdom Rather Than Answers--and Why That’s Great News. First edition. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2019. ISBN-13: 978-0062686749. 304 pages.$15.99. Geisler, David and Norman Geisler. Conversational Evangelism: Connecting with People to Share Jesus. Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers. 2014. ISBN-13: ‎978-0736950831. 256 pages. $15.99. McFarland, Alex. The 10 Most Common Objections to Christianity. Minneapolis, MN. Bethany House, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0764215162. 256 pages.$16.00. McLaughlin, Rebecca. Confronting Christianity: 12 Hard Questions for the World\u27s Largest Religion. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2019. ISBN-13: 978-1433564239. 240 pages. $24.99. Murphy, Cara L. T. The Inquisitive Christ: 12 Engaging Questions. Brentwood, TN: FaithWords. 2020. ISBN-13: 978-1546038375. 288 pages.$27.00. Strahan, Joshua Marshall. The Basics of Christian Belief: Bible, Theology, and Life\u27s Big Questions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. 2020. ISBN-13: 978-1540962010. 240 pages. $49.99. Swain, Scott R. The Trinity: An Introduction (Short Studies in Systematic Theology), edited by Graham A. Cole and Oren R. Martin. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2020. ISBN-13: 978-1433561214. 160 pages.$15.99. Wright, N. T. Broken Signposts: How Christianity Makes Sense of the World. New York, NY: HarperOne. ISBN-13: 978-0062564092. 280 pages. 2020. $27.99

Unity in Christ: An Annotated Bibliography

A review of the recent book publications related to the spring theme, Unity in Christ. We include the following titles. Alma, Hans et al. Moral and Spiritual Leadership in an Age of Plural Moralities. Anatolios, Khaled. Deification through the Cross: An Eastern Christian Theology of Salvation. Barrett, Matthew. Canon, Covenant and Christology: Rethinking Jesus and the Scriptures of Israel. Beck, William David and Mike Licona. Raised on the Third Day: Defending the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus. Chia, Edmund Kee-Fook. Confucianism and Christianity: Interreligious Dialogue on the Theology of Mission. Emerson, Matthew Y. He Descended to the Dead: An Evangelical Theology of Holy Saturday. Fairbairn, Donald, and Ryan M. Reeves. The Story of Creeds and Confessions: Tracing the Development of the Christian Faith. Farhadian, Charles E. Christianity: A Brief Introduction. Gallagher, Edmon L., and John D. Meade. The Biblical Canon Lists from Early Christianity: Texts and Analysis. Jipp, Joshua W. The Messianic Theology of the New Testament. Kaemingk, Matthew and Cory B. Willson. Work and Worship: Reconnecting Our Labor and Liturgy. Price, J. Randall. What Should We Think About Israel?: Separating Fact from Fiction in the Middle East Conflict. Wellum, Stephen J. The Person of Christ: An Introduction

Webcam Child Sex Tourism: An Emerging Global Issue

Increased globalization through access to the internet has made it easier than ever for child perpetrators to exploit children overseas from the comfort of their couches. Webcam Child Sex Tourism (WCST) occurs when an adult pays to direct and view live-streaming video footage of a child in another country preforming sexual acts in front of a webcam. Currently this issue resides mainly in the Philippines where there are tens of thousands of child victims. According to a study conducted by Terre des Hommes, an advocacy organization based in the Netherlands, many child victims of WCST suffer psychological symptoms consistent with sexual trauma. There are international legislations and policies that indirectly prohibit WCST, yet only six perpetrators have been convicted for this crime. This presentation is a review of literature and research on the emerging global issue of Webcam Child Sex Tourism and will focus specifically on defining the issue, the trauma experienced by WCST victims, international policies, and what can be done to prevent the spread of WCST

Eating on Campus: Assessing the Nutrition Environment for Students

The food environment is increasingly thought to have a major influence on eating behavior. University campuses offer a unique opportunity to study the extent to which food environments influence eating, but such studies must be based on reliable measures. The objective of this project is to use a standard and reliable instrument, the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS), to describe dining venues on the Cal Poly campus, and to compare Cal Poly food stores with off-campus alternatives. The five student investigators on this multidisciplinary, team-­based project will undergo training to use standard protocols to apply the NEMS to 18 campus dining venues, two campus food stores, and ~30 off‐campus supermarkets, groceries, and convenience stores in San Luis Obispo. Repeat assessments will allow for evaluation of inter­‐rater and test-retest reliability. Statistical analyses will include calculating prevalence of healthy and unhealthy constructs from the NEMS, comparing overall scores across venues, and comparing scores between on-­ and off-­campus stores. Findings will be used as a basis for future work to investigate the potential of modifying the Cal Poly food environment to facilitate students’ healthful food choices

Focus Groups with School Age Children for Development of a Pediatric Wellbeing Picture Scale

This poster addresses the use of focus groups with school age children for the development of a Pediatric Wellbeing Picture Scale. The purpose of this research was to develop a picture tool to screen for wellbeing in school-aged children. The research design utilized focus groups, however the design had to transition from face-to-face sessions to virtual. To maximize participation in the virtual environment, developmental stages of the children had to be considered. Children were asked to 1) review an existing tool and provide feedback on the images; and 2) validate the findings. Conducting focus groups with this population while using an online video platform posed many difficulties. Issues with recruitment, participation, obtaining parental consent via Qualtrics, and child assent via Zoom are discussed. Ways to assure fidelity of the project are reviewed. Practical lessons learned from performing research during a pandemic are presented.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1068/thumbnail.jp