7,680 research outputs found
Influence of the Dirac sea on proton electromagnetic knockout
We use the relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation (RDWIA) to study
the effects of negative-energy components of Dirac wave functions on the
left-right asymmetry for (e,e'p) reactions on 16-O with 0.2 < Q^2 < 0.8 and
12-C with 0.6 < Q^2 < 1.8 (GeV/c)^2. Spinor distortion is more important for
the bound state than for the ejectile and the net effect decreases with Q^2.
Spinor distortion breaks Godon equivalence and the data favor the CC2 operator
with intermediate coupling to the sea. The left-right asymmetry for Q^2 < 1.2
(GeV/c)^2 is described well by RDWIA calcuations, but at Q^2 = 1.8 (GeV/c)^2
the observed variation with missing momentum is flatter than predicted.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, to be submitted to PR
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Macaques preferentially attend to visual patterns with higher fractal dimension contours.
Animals' sensory systems evolved to efficiently process information from their environmental niches. Niches often include irregular shapes and rough textures (e.g., jagged terrain, canopy outlines) that must be navigated to find food, escape predators, and master other fitness-related challenges. For most primates, vision is the dominant sensory modality and thus, primates have evolved systems for processing complicated visual stimuli. One way to quantify information present in visual stimuli in natural scenes is evaluating their fractal dimension. We hypothesized that sensitivity to complicated geometric forms, indexed by fractal dimension, is an evolutionarily conserved capacity, and tested this capacity in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Monkeys viewed paired black and white images of simulated self-similar contours that systematically varied in fractal dimension while their attention to the stimuli was measured using noninvasive infrared eye tracking. They fixated more frequently on, dwelled for longer durations on, and had attentional biases towards images that contain boundary contours with higher fractal dimensions. This indicates that, like humans, they discriminate between visual stimuli on the basis of fractal dimension and may prefer viewing informationally rich visual stimuli. Our findings suggest that sensitivity to fractal dimension may be a wider ability of the vertebrate vision system
The Final Merger of Black-Hole Binaries
Recent breakthroughs in the field of numerical relativity have led to
dramatic progress in understanding the predictions of General Relativity for
the dynamical interactions of two black holes in the regime of very strong
gravitational fields. Such black-hole binaries are important astrophysical
systems and are a key target of current and developing gravitational-wave
detectors. The waveform signature of strong gravitational radiation emitted as
the black holes fall together and merge provides a clear observable record of
the process. After decades of slow progress, these mergers and the
gravitational-wave signals they generate can now be routinely calculated using
the methods of numerical relativity. We review recent advances in understanding
the predicted physics of events and the consequent radiation, and discuss some
of the impacts this new knowledge is having in various areas of astrophysics.Comment: 57 pages; 9 figures. Updated references & fixed typos. Published
version is at
http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.nucl.010909.08324
Black-hole binaries, gravitational waves, and numerical relativity
Understanding the predictions of general relativity for the dynamical
interactions of two black holes has been a long-standing unsolved problem in
theoretical physics. Black-hole mergers are monumental astrophysical events,
releasing tremendous amounts of energy in the form of gravitational radiation,
and are key sources for both ground- and space-based gravitational-wave
detectors. The black-hole merger dynamics and the resulting gravitational
waveforms can only be calculated through numerical simulations of Einstein's
equations of general relativity. For many years, numerical relativists
attempting to model these mergers encountered a host of problems, causing their
codes to crash after just a fraction of a binary orbit could be simulated.
Recently, however, a series of dramatic advances in numerical relativity has
allowed stable, robust black-hole merger simulations. This remarkable progress
in the rapidly maturing field of numerical relativity, and the new
understanding of black-hole binary dynamics that is emerging is chronicled.
Important applications of these fundamental physics results to astrophysics, to
gravitational-wave astronomy, and in other areas are also discussed.Comment: 54 pages, 42 figures. Some typos corrected & references updated.
Essentially final published versio
Technologies for Voice: Video and Multimedia Communication Supports for Self-Determination
Video and multimedia technologies that support the self-determination of persons with disabilities are explored in a series of three stories. Young adults with disabilities clarify their values, visualize their futures, and speak for themselves, utilizing readily accessible consumer technologies. Professionals and critical friends are challenged to re-tool their technology skills to keep up with people with disabilities who are making decisions that impact their own lives
Consistency of post-Newtonian waveforms with numerical relativity
General relativity predicts the gravitational wave signatures of coalescing
binary black holes. Explicit waveform predictions for such systems, required
for optimal analysis of observational data, have so far been achieved using the
post-Newtonian (PN) approximation. The quality of this treatment is unclear,
however, for the important late-inspiral portion. We derive late-inspiral
waveforms via a complementary approach, direct numerical simulation of
Einstein's equations. We compare waveform phasing from simulations of the last
cycles of gravitational radiation from equal-mass, nonspinning black
holes with the corresponding 2.5PN, 3PN, and 3.5PN orbital phasing. We find
phasing agreement consistent with internal error estimates based on either
approach, suggesting that PN waveforms for this system are effective until the
last orbit prior to final merger.Comment: Replaced with published version -- one figure removed, text and other
figures updated for clarity of discussio
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