Neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering as a probe of neutron density distributions

Neutrino-nucleus coherent elastic scattering provides a theoretically appealing way to measure the neutron part of nuclear form factors. Using an expansion of form factors into moments, we show that neutrinos from stopped pions can probe not only the second moment of the form factor (the neutron radius) but also the fourth moment. Using simple Monte Carlo techniques for argon, germanium, and xenon detectors of 3.5 tonnes, 1.5 tonnes, and 300 kg, respectively, we show that the neutron radii can be found with an uncertainty of a few percent when near a neutrino flux of $3\times10^{7}$ neutrinos/cm$^{2}$/s. If the normalization of the neutrino flux is known independently, one can determine the moments accurately enough to discriminate among the predictions of various nuclear energy functionals.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Culturally Tailored Cancer Communication, Education, and Research: The Highways and Back Roads of Appalachia

We have varying experiences with Appalachia, yet we all agree that there is a unique relationship between Appalachians and cancer. Two of us are nurses who have worked with various communities. Two of us grew up here; 1 watched several of her relatives battle cancer in their Appalachian homes. All of us are scholars who want to talk with practitioners and researchers who are developing culturally tailored cancer control interventions. This goal to have a dialogue emerged after we had a series of discussions about cancer in Appalachia, discussions resulting in our developing a list of cultural traits that seem to be related to this region’s high cancer morbidity and morality (Table). For example, in one of our previous publications we describe the association between the traditional Appalachian oral culture and the cancer experience, finding that cancer stories appeared to pass from 1 generation to the next (1). In turn, these stories seem to affect some community members\u27 willingness to be screened. Our essay\u27s purpose is not to justify the elements presented in the Table. Rather, we write to consider the following: What are the advantages and disadvantages of making generalizations about a culture that has already been marginalized by overgeneralizations

Determinants of the outcome of electrophysiologic study in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias

To determine those factors predictive of the ability to both initiate and suppress ventricular tachyarrhythmias during electrophysiologic study, the results of programmed cardiac stimulation were evaluated in 261 patients: 66 presenting with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, 91 with sustained ventricular tachycardia and 104 with ventricular fibrillation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the presenting arrhythmia was a potent and independent predictor of the ability to provoke ventricular arrhythmias at electrophysiologic study; a history of myocardial infarction and male sex were also significant independent predictors. Of patients presenting with sustained ventricular tachycardia, 89% (81 of 91) had inducible ventricular arrhythmias compared with 61 (40 of 66) and 66% (69 of 104) of patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, respectively.Complete suppression of inducible arrhythmias could be achieved in only 52% (34 of 66) of patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia, compared with 73 (24 of 33) and 75% (46 of 61) of patients presenting with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the major independent determinants of the ability to suppress inducible arrhythmias were the number of drug trials performed before electrophysiologic study (inversely correlated) and the nature of the induced arrhythmia.The nature of the presenting clinical arrhythmia is, therefore, a highly significant and independent predictor of the ability to induce ventricular arrhythmias during electrophysiologic testing and an important determinant of the ability to suppress induced arrhythmias in patients with spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Overview: Human Research Program Exercise Countermeasures Project

No abstract availabl