Spirobicyclic Diamines 2: Synthesis of Homochiral Diastereoisomeric Proline Derived [4,4]-Spirolactams

L-Proline derived diastereoisomeric [4.4]-spirolactams have been prepared by a reductive-amination reaction of (R)- or (S)-alanine methyl ester followed by thermal cyclisation of the resulting amine onto the proline ester group in refluxing toluene. Under similar conditions (R)- or (S)-phenylalanine methyl ester gave no cyclisation products, while R- or S-a-methylbenzylamine required treatment with NaNH2 in refluxing toluene to induce cyclisation giving diastereoisomeric [4.4]-spirolactam

Spirobicyclic Diamines 1: Synthesis of Proline-derived Spirolactams via Thermal Intramolecular Ester Aminolysis

Proline derived [4.4]-spirolactams have been synthesised in good yields by a reductive-amination reaction followed by thermal cyclisation of the resulting amine onto the proline ester group in refluxing toluene. The synthesis of the corresponding [4.5]-spirolactams by the same method gave much reduced yields

Spirobicyclic Diamines. Part 3: Synthesis and Metal Complexation of Proline-Derived [4,4]-Spirodiamines.

The syntheses of racemic and homochiral [4.4]-spirolactams, starting from L-proline, in good yields are described. Reduction of the lactam carbonyl group of spirolactams, containing chiral substituents on the lactam nitrogen, with lithium aluminium hydride, gives a series of homochiral [4.4]-spirodiamines. The crystal structure of one of these spirodiamines on complexation with zinc chloride was obtained. Interestingly it showed a hydrogen-bonded dimeric structure, where the monomers are diastereoisomeric diamines

Structure-Reactivity Relationships of L-Proline Derived Spirolactams and a-Methyl Prolinamide Organocatalysts in the Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins.

L-Proline derived spirolactams and a-methyl prolinamides act as organocatalysts for the asymmetric conjugate addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins in excellent yields, with good diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, low catalyst loadings (5 mol%) and a low aldehyde molar excess (1.5 molar equivalents) were achieved

Workshop to review and progress the reported lists of eu msfd descriptor 3 ( (WKD3LISTS)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Final Report: M3 Clonee – North of Kells Motorway Scheme Archaeological Services Contract 4 Navan to Kells and Kells Bypass

This is a final report of an archaeological excavation at Grange 3 which was located on the route of the M3 Navan–Kells & Kells Bypass (Archaeological Services Contract 4) of the M3 Clonee–North of Kells Motorway Scheme, County Meath. The excavation was carried out by Dr. Amanda Kelly of Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd on behalf of Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority. The work was carried out under Ministerial Direction No. A029/005 and National Monuments Service (NMS) Excavation Registration No. E3123 which were received from the DoEHLG in consultation with the National Museum of Ireland. The fieldwork took place between 26 June 2006 – 26 January 2007. The excavation at Grange 3 uncovered multi-period activity spanning the early Bronze Age to the early medieval period, with four major phases of activity identified. Further contemporary activity was excavated within 500m north-west and 500m south-east in the same townland. The excavated remains from this site and the other sites in Grange indicate that this area was the focus of activity over a prolonged period indicating that the locale held a certain significance ensuring its longevity in terms of human activity

Final Report: Archaeological Excavations at Grange 5, M3 Clonee North of Kells Motorway Scheme

This is a final report of an archaeological excavation at Grange 5 which was located on the route of the M3 Navan–Kells & Kells Bypass (Archaeological Services Contract 4) of the M3 Clonee–North of Kells Motorway Scheme, County Meath. The excavation was carried out by Amanda Kelly of Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd on behalf of Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority. The work was carried out under Ministerial Direction No. A029/003 and National Monuments Service (NMS) Excavation Registration No. E3121 which were received from the DoEHLG in consultation with the National Museum of Ireland. The fieldwork took place between 16 – 27 November 2006. A total area of 850m2 was opened around Grange 5 to reveal the archaeological features that were identified at the site during archaeological testing under licence 04E0925. Five pits, two possible postholes and two curvilinear ditches were identified at Grange 5. One of the pits was dated to the early Bronze Age but appeared to be in isolation. Two of the pits had charcoal rich fills with scorched/burnt bases and contained large quantities of charred plant remains including barley, oat and rye. A date in the Iron Age/early medieval period was established for one of these features and these have been interpreted as cereal-drying pits/features. The two curvilinear ditches were undated but respected the features outlined abov

Final Report: Archaeological Excavations at Grange 2, M3 Clonee North of Kells motorway scheme

This is a final report of an archaeological excavation at Grange 2 which was located on the route of the M3 Navan–Kells & Kells Bypass (Archaeological Services Contract 4) of the M3 Clonee–North of Kells Motorway Scheme, County Meath. The excavation was carried out by Dr. Amanda Kelly of Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd on behalf of Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority. The work was carried out under Ministerial Direction No. A029/006 and National Monuments Service (NMS) Excavation Registration No. E3124 which were received from the DoEHLG in consultation with the National Museum of Ireland. The fieldwork took place between 16 June 2006 – 14 July 2006. A total area of 805m2 was opened around Grange 2 to reveal the archaeological features that were identified at the site during archaeological testing under licence 04E0925. This site is closely linked with the adjacent site of Grange 3 (Kelly 2010a) and together they create a picture of continuous activity from the middle Bronze Age through to the early medieval period (Figure 7). The excavated remains from this site and the other sites in Grange indicate that this area was the focus of activity over a prolonged period and it is probable that the place held some significance that resulted in it being revisited repeatedly

Introducing Advanced Paramedics into the rural general practice team in Ireland – general practitioners attitudes

Introduction: As Ireland’s population increases and chronic disease becomes more prevalent, demand on limited  general practice services will increase. Nursing roles within general practice are now considered to be standard, yet  alternative allied health professional roles are under explored within an Irish context. Allied health personnel such as  Advanced Paramedics (APs) may have the capability to provide support to general practice. Aim: To explore General Practitioners’ (GPs) attitudes and opinions of integrating Advanced Paramedics (APs) into  rural general practice in Ireland. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methodology was adopted. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to a purposeful sample of GPs attending a rural conference followed by semi-structured interviews. Data was  recorded and transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results: In total n=27 GPs responded to the survey and n=13 GPs were interviewed. The majority of GPs were  familiar with APs and were receptive to the concept of closely collaborating with APs within a variety of settings  including out-of-hours services, home visits, nursing homes and even roles within the general practice surgery. Conclusion: General Practitioner and Advanced Paramedic clinical practice dovetail within many facets of primary  care and emergency care. GPs recognise that current rural models are unsustainable and realise the potential of integrating APs into the general practice team to help support and sustain the future of rural general practice services in  Ireland. These interviews provided an exclusive, detailed insight into the world of general practice in Ireland that has  not been previously documented in this way. </p