Acoustic Testing of the Bell 699 Rotor on the Tiltrotor Test Rig (TTR) in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 40- by 80- Foot Wind Tunnel in Conversion and Airplane Configuration

The Tiltrotor Test Rig (TTR) provides new proprotor testing capabilities to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense (DoD). A checkout test for the TTR with the 699 proprotor was performed in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80 Foot Wind Tunnel from 2017 to 2018. Four microphones were placed around the rotor to capture acoustic data. Revolution based acoustic data processing techniques are evaluated for appropriateness in both helicopter and airplane configurations. This paper presents the acoustic data acquired for the rotor in conversion and airplane configuration

Review of \u3ci\u3ePlants Have So Much to Give Us, All We Have to Do Is Ask: Anishinaabe Botanical Teachings\u3c/i\u3e by Mary Siisip Geniusz (edited by Wendy Makoons Geniusz, illustrated by Annmarie Geniusz)

Plants Have So Much to Give Us, All We Have to Do Is Ask offers a new look at Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) ethnobotany as told through traditional stories. Botanical teachings through stories are a way to pass down traditional knowledge from generation to generation. For example, Anishinaabe knowledge on plants was written and recorded in communities willing to share their knowledge with early scholars, such as Albert B. Reagan (1928), Huron H. Smith (1932), and Melvin R. Gilmore (1933). Each of these scholars spent time with an Anishinaabe community to learn about plants and primarily to provide written descriptions of plants as food and medicine. Ethnobotany by Mary Siisip Geniusz and her daughter, Wendy Makoons Geniusz, is different than those early efforts because they both rely heavily on stories, language, and culture in describing plants from an Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) perspective. The traditional knowledge in this book was obtained over a long period of time (actually generations beyond the author and her teacher, Keewaydinoquay) and was written to be shared with others so that they also could learn. The type of learning that this text portrays is a Master-Teacher apprenticeship, whereby knowledge of plant teachings was exchanged during the time that Mary Geniusz and the late Keewaydinoquay spent together. Keewaydinoquay was a well-known Anishinaabe medicine woman from the Leelanau Peninsula in Michigan; she was a teacher to many, including Mary Geniusz, and she was known by many more, including K. Kindscher, the second author of this review. This text provides ethnobotany from an Indigenous perspective and the book is appropriately subtitled as Anishinaabe Botanical Teachings. Published by the University of Minnesota Press

Multimedia Content Recommendation in Digital Convergence Environments: An Approach Based on Data Mining and Semantic Web

The emerging scenario of interactive Digital TV (iDTV) is promoting the increase of interactivity in the communication process and also in audiovisual production, thus raising the number of channels and resources available to the user. This reality makes the task of finding the desired content becoming a costly and possibly ineffective action. The incorporation of recommender systems in the iDTV environment is emerging as a possible solution to this problems. This work aims to propose a hybrid approach to content recommendation in iDTV, based on data mining techniques, integrated to the semantic web concepts, allowing structuring and standardization of data and consequently making possible sharing of information, providing semantics and automated reasoning. For the proposed service it is considered the Brazilian Digital TV System (SBTVD) and the middleware Ginga. A prototype has been developed and experiments carried out with a NetFlix database. As results, it was obtained an average accuracy of 30% using only the data mining technique. On the other hand, the evaluation including semantic rules obtained an average accuracy of 35%

An analysis of the use of tax incentives to motivate job creation

A quarter of the labour force in South Africa is currently unemployed. The majority of the unemployed are between the ages of 18 and 29 years. The causes of these poor employment statistics has been widely debated, however, the cost of unskilled South African labour is a common thread. One of the solutions to improve the statistics is to implement tax incentives to reduce the cost of labour, which would theoretically increase the demand of the labour. Countries such as the United States of America have implemented some form of tax incentive to promote job creation over the years. South Africa has, however, not used this alternative to deal with unemployment. The problem had escalated to such a state that the Government announced in 2011 that it would spend R5 billion on job creation and announced that the funds would be spent through the implementation of a youth wage subsidy. Current studies on policy choices to promote job creation in South Africa discuss the possible tax incentives which could be implemented. However, these studies have not evaluated the successes of these incentives in other countries and whether it would be possible to apply them to a South African context. The proposed youth wage subsidy has not been analysed in terms of the incentives implemented in other countries to determine whether or not they would be successful in South Africa. The aim of the study was to determine if there was a gap in the tax legislation with regard to motivating job creation and how this gap could best be filled. This was achieved by firstly, analysing the key causes of unemployment in South Africa, and secondly, determining whether any of the current tax legislation measures deal with those causes. Two tax incentives implemented in the United States of America were analysed for their successes and failures in order to determine what South Africa needs to do if it was to implement any similar incentives. Finally, the National Treasury’s discussion paper on its proposed youth wage subsidy was analysed against the findings identified above to determine whether the subsidy is viable in the South African labour market. AFRIKAANS : ’n Kwart van die arbeidsmag in Suid-Afrika is tans werkloos met die meeste werkloses tussen die ouderdom van 18 en 29 jaar. Daar word reeds geruime tyd geredeneer oor die oorsaak van die swak arbeidstatistieke, tog is daar ooreenstemming dat die koste van ongeskoolde arbeid in Suid-Afrika ’n bydraende faktor is. Belastingaansporings wat die koste van arbeid verminder en dus teoreties die vraag na arbeid verhoog, kan moontlik die swak arbeidstatistieke verbeter. Lande soos die Verenigde State van Amerika het met verloop van jare sekere belastingaansporings ingestel om werkskepping te bevorder. Suid-Afrika het egter nog nie dié alternatief gebruik om die probleem van werkloosheid aan te pak nie. Die probleem het sulke afmetings aangeneem dat die regering in 2011 bekend gemaak het dat hy R5 biljoen aan werkskepping sal bestee in die vorm van die implementering van ’n jeugloonsubsidie. Huidige navorsing oor beleidskeuses om werkskepping in Suid-Afrika te bevorder, handel oor die moontlike belastingaansporings wat ingestel kan word. Dié navorsing evalueer egter nie die sukses van hierdie aansporings in ander lande of die moontlikheid van die toepassing daarvan op Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede nie. Die huidige navorsing ontleed ook nie die voorgestelde jeugloonsubsidie aan die hand van die aansporings wat in ander lande ingestel is om sodoende te bepaal of dit hier sal slaag nie. Die doel van die navorsing was om te bepaal of daar ’n gaping in die wetgewing oor belasting is ten opsigte van die aanmoediging van werkskepping en hoe sodanige gaping ten beste gevul kan word. Dié navorsing het in sy doel geslaag deur eerstens die sleuteloorsake van werkloosheid in Suid-Afrika te ontleed en tweedens te bepaal of enige van die huidige belastingwetgewingsmaatreëls daardie oorsake aanspreek. Die sukses én mislukking van twee belastingaansporings wat in die Verenigde State van Amerika ingestel is, te ontleed ten einde te bepaal wat Suid-Afrika moet doen indien hy enige soortgelyke aansporings sou implementeer. Ten laaste is die besprekingsdokument oor die voorgestelde jeugloonsubsidie van die Nasionale Tesourie ontleed aan die hand van bogenoemde bevindings om te bepaal of die subsidie in die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark lewensvatbaar sou wees.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.Taxationunrestricte

Get the Story Straight: Contextual Repetition Promotes Word Learning from Storybooks

Although shared storybook reading is a common activity believed to improve the language skills of preschool children, how children learn new vocabulary from such experiences has been largely neglected in the literature. The current study systematically explores the effects of repeatedly reading the same storybooks on both young children's fast and slow mapping abilities. Specially created storybooks were read to 3-year-old children three times during the course of 1 week. Each of the nine storybooks contained two novel name–object pairs. At each session, children either heard three different stories with the same two novel name–object pairs or the same story three times. Importantly, all children heard each novel name the same number of times. Both immediate recall and retention were tested with a four-alternative forced-choice task with pictures of the novel objects. Children who heard the same stories repeatedly were very accurate on both the immediate recall and retention tasks. In contrast, children who heard different stories were only accurate on immediate recall during the last two sessions and failed to learn any of the new words. Overall, then, we found a dramatic increase in children's ability to both recall and retain novel name–object associations encountered during shared storybook reading when they heard the same stories multiple times in succession. Results are discussed in terms of contextual cueing effects observed in other cognitive domains

Association of sex with neurobehavioral markers of executive function in 2-year-olds at high and low likelihood of autism

IMPORTANCE: Children with autism and their siblings exhibit executive function (EF) deficits early in development, but associations between EF and biological sex or early brain alterations in this population are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interaction of sex, autism likelihood group, and structural magnetic resonance imaging alterations on EF in 2-year-old children at high familial likelihood (HL) and low familial likelihood (LL) of autism, based on having an older sibling with autism or no family history of autism in first-degree relatives. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study assessed 165 toddlers at HL (n = 110) and LL (n = 55) of autism at 4 university-based research centers. Data were collected from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2013, and analyzed between August 2021 and June 2022 as part of the Infant Brain Imaging Study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Direct assessments of EF and acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging were performed to determine frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and total cerebral brain volume. RESULTS: A total of 165 toddlers (mean [SD] age, 24.61 [0.95] months; 90 [54%] male, 137 [83%] White) at HL for autism (n = 110; 17 diagnosed with ASD) and LL for autism (n = 55) were studied. The toddlers at HL for autism scored lower than the toddlers at LL for autism on EF tests regardless of sex (mean [SE] B = -8.77 [4.21]; 95% CI, -17.09 to -0.45; η2p = 0.03). With the exclusion of toddlers with autism, no group (HL vs LL) difference in EF was found in boys (mean [SE] difference, -7.18 [4.26]; 95% CI, 1.24-15.59), but EF was lower in HL girls than LL girls (mean [SE] difference, -9.75 [4.34]; 95% CI, -18.32 to -1.18). Brain-behavior associations were examined, controlling for overall cerebral volume and developmental level. Sex differences in EF-frontal (B [SE] = 16.51 [7.43]; 95% CI, 1.36-31.67; η2p = 0.14) and EF-parietal (B [SE] = 17.68 [6.99]; 95% CI, 3.43-31.94; η2p = 0.17) associations were found in the LL group but not the HL group (EF-frontal: B [SE] = -1.36 [3.87]; 95% CI, -9.07 to 6.35; η2p = 0.00; EF-parietal: B [SE] = -2.81 [4.09]; 95% CI, -10.96 to 5.34; η2p = 0.01). Autism likelihood group differences in EF-frontal (B [SE] = -9.93 [4.88]; 95% CI, -19.73 to -0.12; η2p = 0.08) and EF-parietal (B [SE] = -15.44 [5.18]; 95% CI, -25.86 to -5.02; η2p = 0.16) associations were found in girls not boys (EF-frontal: B [SE] = 6.51 [5.88]; 95% CI, -5.26 to 18.27; η2p = 0.02; EF-parietal: B [SE] = 4.18 [5.48]; 95% CI, -6.78 to 15.15; η2p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study of toddlers at HL and LL of autism suggests that there is an association between sex and EF and that brain-behavior associations in EF may be altered in children at HL of autism. Furthermore, EF deficits may aggregate in families, particularly in girls

Homeless Bird

Students will use “Homeless Bird” to identify Indian geography and culture. Students will define vocabulary from the text. Students will locate important geographical places

47. Are Introverts Smarter Than Extroverts?

Introversion and extroversion are common personality traits that can vastly influence the way an individual’s cognitive abilities are utilized. Individuals will fall on this continuum based on how internally-focused or externally-focused they tend to be. As this is a central trait, it may seem logical that the level of introversion/extroversion could impact multiple, less central personality traits and cognitive abilities affecting many aspects of the individual’s life. The current study was designed to explore the possibility of differences in short-term memory, IQ scores, and errors made between extroverts and introverts. As extroverts tend to be more outward-focused, it may be logical to expect extroverts to have better short-term memory retrieval than introverts. It also may be logical to expect internally-driven introverts to perform better on the intelligent quotient assessment. Participants took a personality inventory to measure their levels of introversion and extroversion, along with an evaluation of their IQ and memory performance with errors. Results were analyzed in SPSS using three separate t-tests. Introverts performed significantly better than extroverts did on the intelligent quotient assessment, suggesting a higher level of attention to detail. Surprisingly, perhaps due to their impulsive and efficient nature, extroverts performed significantly better on the short-term memory task then did the introverts. They were also less likely to make as many errors when performing the short-term memory task. These findings suggest that there is a link between personality and cognitive abilities. Further implications suggest using personality research in education and utilizing different personalities in therapy treatments

Project Minerva: A low cost manned Mars mission based on indigenous propellant production

Project Minerva is a low-cost manned Mars mission designed to deliver a crew of four to the Martian surface using only two sets of two launches from the Kennedy Space Center. Key concepts which make this mission realizable are the use of near-term technologies and in-situ propellant production, following the scenario originally proposed by R. Zubrin. The first set of launches delivers two unmanned payloads into low Earth orbit (LEO): the first payload consists of an Earth Return Vehicle (ERV), a propellant production plant, and a set of robotic vehicles; the second payload consists of the trans-Mars injection (TMI) upper stage. In LEO, the two payloads are docked and the configuration is injected into a Mars transfer orbit. The landing on Mars is performed with the aid of multiple aerobraking maneuvers. On the Martian surface, the propellant production plant uses a Sabatier/electrolysis type process to combine nine tons of hydrogen with carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere to produce over a hundred tons of liquid oxygen and liquid methane, which are later used as the propellants for the rover expeditions and the manned return journey of the ERV. The systems necessary for the flights to and from Mars, as well as those needed for the stay on Mars, are discussed. These systems include the transfer vehicle design, life support, guidance and communications, rovers and telepresence, power generation, and propellant manufacturing. Also included are the orbital mechanics, the scientific goals, and the estimated mission costs