29 research outputs found

    Aconselhamento e testagem voluntária para o HIV durante a assistência pré-natal

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    OBJECTIVE: Voluntary HIV counseling and testing are provided to all Brazilian pregnant women with the purpose of reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission. The purpose of the study was to assess characteristics of HIV testing and identify factors associated with HIV counseling and testing. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 1,658 mothers living in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Biological, reproductive and social variables were obtained from mothers by means of a standardized questionnaire. Being counseling about HIV testing was the dependent variable. Confidence intervals, chi-square test and hierarchical logistic model were used to determine the association between counseling and maternal variables. RESULTS: Of 1,658 mothers interviewed, 1,603 or 96.7% (95% CI: 95.7-97.5) underwent HIV testing, and 51 or 3.1% (95% CI: 2.3-4.0) were not tested. Four (0.2%) refused to undergo testing after counseling. Of 51 women not tested in this study, 30 had undergone the testing previously. Of 1,603 women tested, 630 or 39.3% (95% CI: 36.9-41.7) received counseling, 947 or 59.2% (95% CI: 56.6-61.5) did not, and 26 (1.6%) did not inform. Low income, lack of prenatal care, late beginning of prenatal care, use of rapid testing, and receiving prenatal in the public sector were variables independently associated with a lower probability of getting counseling about HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirmed the high rate of prenatal HIV testing in Porto Alegre. However, women coming from less privileged social groups were less likely to receive information and benefit from counseling.OBJETIVO: O aconselhamento e teste voluntário para o HIV foram instituídos no Brasil para todas as gestantes com o objetivo de reduzir a transmissão materno-infantil do vírus. O objetivo do estudo é verificar as características de testagem do HIV e identificar os fatores associados com a oportunidade da gestante ser aconselhada para esse teste. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que incluiu 1.658 mães residentes em Porto Alegre, RS. Variáveis biológicas, reprodutivas e sociais foram obtidas utilizando-se um questionário padronizado. Ser aconselhada para o teste de detecção do HIV foi a variável dependente. Para determinar os fatores associados à oportunidade de aconselhamento foram utilizados intervalos de confiança de 95%, o teste de qui-quadrado e uma análise multivariada utilizando o modelo hierarquizado. RESULTADOS: De um total de 1.658 mulheres entrevistadas, 1.603 ou 96,7% (IC 95%, 95,7%-97,5%) foram testadas para o HIV, 51 ou 3,1% (IC 95%, 2,3%-4,0%) não foram testadas e quatro (0,2%) se negaram a fazer o teste. Das 51 não-testadas, 30 haviam feito o teste previamente. Das 1.603 mulheres testadas durante a gestação, 630 ou 39,3% (IC 95%, 36,9%-41,7%) foram aconselhadas sobre o teste, 947 ou 59,1% não o foram (IC 95%, 56,6%-61,5%) e 26 (1,6%) não informaram. Baixa renda, não ter acesso ao pré-natal, iniciá-lo tardiamente, uso do teste rápido, e realizar o pré-natal no setor público estavam independentemente associados a uma menor probabilidade de ser aconselhada. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo confirmou uma alta taxa de testagem para o HIV. As gestantes provenientes de grupos sociais menos privilegiados foram aconselhadas em menor freqüência para a realização do teste de HIV

    Neurologic findings in interned children from Hospital de Clínica de Porto Alegre by meningococemia : a study of 34 casos

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    O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar os principais sintomas neurológicos ocorridos no momento da admissão no hospital, bem como nas seqüelas neurológicas durante o seguimento ambulatorial, correlacionando com dados demográficos, radiológicos e eletrencefalográficos em crianças que tiveram diagnóstico clínico de meningococcemia. Os pacientes foram acompanhados no Ambulatório de Neurologia Infantil do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Resultados: Foram revisados os registros médicos de 34 crianças entre janeiro de 1997 e junho de 2000. Em 11 casos foi isolado Neisseria meningitis nos exames culturais, sendo em 3 deles do sorotipo B. Vinte e três pacientes apresentaram sintomas neurológicos .(68% dos casos). Ocorreram 3 óbitos; nenhum paciente com sintomas neurológicos foi a óbito (P = 0,04). No seguimento ambulatorial encontraram-se alterações neurológicas (um caso de hiperatividade, um de convulsões e um de lesão auditiva neurosensorial) em pacientes que não tiveram sintomas neurológicos. Conclusões: a menor mortalidade e o melhor prognóstico neurológico visto durante o seguimento ambulatorial reforçam a idéia de que a localização da meningococcemia é fator de melhor prognóstico, não só quanto à mortalidade como também quanto à morbidade. Estudos prospectivos com maior número de pacientes são necessários para validar esta observação. Aliada às estratégias de imunização, a busca de fatores de pior prognóstico abre margem para uma melhor compreensão da fisiopatologia dessa doença, bem como para investigação mais pormenorizada e tratamento adequado capaz de evitar intercorrências neurológicas a curto prazo e seqüelas tardias.The objective ofthis study is to report the main neurological flndings in children with clinicai diagnosis ofmeningococcemia at the moment ofhospital admission as well as the neurological deflcits during follow up, relating to demographic, radiological and elecIrencephalographical data. Resulls: the medicai records of 34 children fi'om January I 1997, to June 30, 2000 were reviewed. Neisseria meningitis was isolatedfi'om 1I cullures, being 3 of serogroup B. Twenty Ihree patients showed neurological symptons (68% of cases). There were 3 deaths, no one fi'om the group with neurological symptons (P = 0,04). During follow up there were neurological deflcits (one case ofhyperactivity, one with seizures and one with auditive neurosensorial deflcit) only in palienls who did not have neurological symptons at the admission. Conclusions: the lesser mortality and betler neurological prognosis observed during the ambulatorial follow up reassure the corre/ ation ofneurological symplons wilh favorable outcome, nol only in relalion lo /11orta/ ity, but to 11l0rbity. Prospective studies wilh higher nllll1ber ofpatients are necessary to validate this observation: Associated lo immunizalion slrategies, the searchfor bad prognosisfactors can give better knowledgement ofmeningococcemia patophysiology, as well as led to a more detailed investigation and to adequate trealment capable of avoiding neurological immediate intercorrences and lale disabilities

    Voluntary HIV counseling and testing during prenatal care in Brazil

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    OBJECTIVE: Voluntary HIV counseling and testing are provided to all Brazilian pregnant women with the purpose of reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission. The purpose of the study was to assess characteristics of HIV testing and identify factors associated with HIV counseling and testing. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 1,658 mothers living in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Biological, reproductive and social variables were obtained from mothers by means of a standardized questionnaire. Being counseling about HIV testing was the dependent variable. Confidence intervals, chi-square test and hierarchical logistic model were used to determine the association between counseling and maternal variables. RESULTS: Of 1,658 mothers interviewed, 1,603 or 96.7% (95% CI: 95.7-97.5) underwent HIV testing, and 51 or 3.1% (95% CI: 2.3-4.0) were not tested. Four (0.2%) refused to undergo testing after counseling. Of 51 women not tested in this study, 30 had undergone the testing previously. Of 1,603 women tested, 630 or 39.3% (95% CI: 36.9-41.7) received counseling, 947 or 59.2% (95% CI: 56.6-61.5) did not, and 26 (1.6%) did not inform. Low income, lack of prenatal care, late beginning of prenatal care, use of rapid testing, and receiving prenatal in the public sector were variables independently associated with a lower probability of getting counseling about HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirmed the high rate of prenatal HIV testing in Porto Alegre. However, women coming from less privileged social groups were less likely to receive information and benefit from counseling
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