Tularemia: A Rare Cause of Neck Mass

Objective:Tularemia is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the documents of patients who had a diagnosis of tularemia in our hospital and discuss this condition with a literature review.Methods:Twenty-five patients who had a diagnosis of tularemia between 2010 and 2013 were included in the study. The patients were assessed with respect to their demographic data; presenting complaints; leukocyte, sedimentation, and C-reactive protein (CRP) values; applied treatment protocols; duration of stay in the hospital; and histopathological examinations.Results:Fifty-seven patients were admitted to the health department of our clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of tularemia, and the diagnosis of tularemia was serologically confirmed for 25 patients. Pharyngeal mucosa cultures, centrifuged serum samples, and abscess and/or pathological samples were collected from all the patients. Thirteen patients were female, and 12 were male. The ages of the patients were between 10 and 75 (average 33.12±15.53) years. The most frequent (100%) symptom among the patients was swelling in the neck. While abscess drainage was performed in 12 patients (48%), the neck mass was excised in 3 patients (12%), and 10 patients (40%) were given only medical treatment. According to the guide of tularemia management by the Ministry of Health, treatment using suitable doses of streptomycin was started for all the patients; in addition, for 8 (32%) patients, doxycycline treatment was added.Conclusion:In recent years, tularemia in our country has been increasing at some specific locations, and those patients are frequently admitted to polyclinics with a complaint of swelling in the neck. In endemic areas in particular, tularemia should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with abscess in the neck

Fen Eğitiminde Öğrenme Döngüsü Modelleri

Öğrenme döngüleri yapılandırıcı yaklaşımla fen eğitimi için geliştirilmiş modellerdir. Öğrenme döngüsü modelleri birbirini izleyen 3, 5 veya 7 evreden oluşmaktadır, bu evreler birbirinden ayrı ya da doğrusal değildir. Öğrenme döngüsü uygulamalarının yaratıcı ve eleştirel düşünme için öğrencileri teşvik etmesi ve bilime karşı olumlu tutum geliştirilmesi beklenmektedir. Kavramların daha iyi anlaşılmasına ve öğrencilerde ileri düşünme yeteneklerinin gelişmesine yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu makalede 5E ve 7E modellerinin her bir evresindeki öğrenci ve öğretmen rolleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Model üzerinde gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların sonuçlarına dayanılarak modelin sağlayacağı olası faydalar tartışılmaktadır. Fen eğitiminde öğrenme döngüsü uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılması amacıyla, öğretmen yetiştirme süreçlerinde öğrenme döngüsü modellerine yer verilmesi önerilmektedir

Warped product submanifolds of Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifolds

In this paper we study the warped product submanifolds of a Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold and obtain some nonexistence results. We show that a warped product semi-invariant submanifold in the form {$M=M_{T}\times_{f}M_{\bot}$} of Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold such that the characteristic vector field is normal to $M$ is an usual Riemannian product manifold where totally geodesic and totally umbilical submanifolds of warped product are invariant and anti-invariant, respectively. We prove that the distributions involved in the definition of a warped product semi-invariant submanifold are always integrable. A necessary and sufficient condition for a semi-invariant submanifold of a Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold to be warped product semi-invariant submanifold is obtained. We also investigate the existence and nonexistence of warped product semi-slant and warped product anti-slant submanifolds in a Lorentzian paracosymplectic manifold.Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the autho

Variation of phenolic and pigment composition depending on soil type in three serpentinovag plant species

Albayrak, Fazilet Özlem ( Aksaray, Yazar )Serpentine soils are stressful for plant growth, due to nutrient deficiencies, especially Ca, low water-holding capacity, and high levels of heavy metals and Mg. Determination of biochemical differences of plants grown in serpentine and non-serpentine soil can contribute to understanding tolerance to serpentine soil. In this study, samples of three plant species (Alyssum sibiricum Willd., Salvia absconditiflora (Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham) Greuter & Burdet and Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. stepposa Wagenitz) were compared in terms of the composition of phenolic compounds and chloroplast pigments. Higher amounts of phenolic compounds were measured in serpentine soil-grown forms of all three species. Total soluble phenolic content, in samples grown in serpentine and non-serpentine soil, respectively, S. absconditiflora 731.8 - 161.7, C. urvillei 121.0-49.7 and A. sibiricum 50.2- 47.3 µg g-1 DW). It was determined that the amount of chlorophyll a was higher in the serpentine soil grown forms of all three species while the amount of chlorophyll b was variable. In plants grown in serpentine soil, β-carotene values are higher than non-serpentine forms. Total xanthophyl values are also parallel with β-carotene findings, but lower. The findings in the present study show that antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and carotenoids may play a role in the stress tolerance of plants growing in serpentine habitats