The Politics of Race, Class, and Gentrification in the ATL

Methodologically, the essay uses a multidisciplinary approach to examine gentrification from a race, class, and gender perspective. Within the essay a number of the dynamics directly associated with Atlanta’s political economy and the impact those dynamics are having on issues such as affordable housing, poverty, and Black employment and underemployment are analyzed. While not a central focus of the essay, the changes taking place outside of Atlanta in several counties, as a result of the push and pull effect in the metropolitan region, are briefly discussed

A critical appraisal of typologies of religious orientation in the theology and ethics of Ernst Troeltsch and H. Richard Niebuhr

The thesis begins with the contention that the categories which are used to interpret Christian ethics, which are generally derived from Troeltsch and Niebuhr's typologies, are far too restrictive to be useful in establishing responses to contemporary moral problems. Troeltsch and Niebuhr polarise the options in Christian ethics allowing only a choice between being culturally effective but compromising the Gospel or being faithful to the Gospel but becoming socially irrelevant. The thesis proceeds to show how the central themes in Troeltsch and Niebuhr's thought become the evaluative criteria behind their typologies. In Troeltsch's case this was the idea of compromise or synthesis in which Christian values may be combined with secular values. This approach is embodied in Troeltsch's church-type and is the standard by which he evaluates all his other types. Niebuhr adopted much of Troeltsch's thinking and methods with the difference that for him 'compromise' was a negative rather than a positive principle. In his later work, however, Niebuhr abandoned Troeltsch's synthetic approach entirely and sought, instead, the conversion or transformation of culture on the basis of 'radical faith'. Conversion or transformation became the organising criterion of the typology of Christ and Culture. All the five types in this work were evaluated with regard to their ability to transform culture. Different approaches to Christian ethics are thus evaluated by a principle that is no part of their own agenda and which presents them in a limiting and distorting light. In addition to these distorting effects both Troeltsch and Niebuhr's typologies are based upon dualistic frameworks which falsely polarise options in Christian ethics. In conclusion the thesis does not reject typological approaches entirely but makes a plea for a more open-ended approach to Christian ethics based upon the eschatological duality of Christianity

Conformations of biopolymers in the gas phase: a new mass spectrometric method

A method is developed for measuring collision cross sections of gas-phase biomolecules using a slightly modified commercial triple quadrupole instrument. The modifications allow accurate stopping potentials to be measured for ions exiting the collision region of the instrument. A simple model allows these curves to be converted to cross sections. In order to account for certain poorly defined experimental parameters (exact ion energy, absolute pressure in the collision cell, etc.) variable parameters are included in the model. These parameters are determined on a case by case basis by normalizing the results to the well known cross section of singly charged bradykinin, Two relatively large systems were studied (cytochrome c and myoglobin) so comparisons could be made to literature values. A number of new peptide systems were then studied in the 9 -14 residue range. These included singly and doubly charged ions of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) substance P, and bombesin in addition to bradykinin. The experimental cross sections were in very good agreement with predictions from extensive molecular dynamics modeling. One interesting result was the experimental observation that the cross section of the doubly charged ions of LHRH, substance P, and bombesin were all smaller than those of the corresponding singly charged ions. Molecular dynamics did not reproduce this result, predicting doubly charged cross sections of the same magnitude or slightly larger than for the singly charged species. The experimental results appear to be correct, however. Possible shortcomings in the modeling procedure for multiply charged ions were suggested that might account for the discrepancy

Evaluating the Climatic and Energy Balance Controls on Snow Accumulation and Melt in Mountain Snowpacks

Snow is indispensible to the water resources and economy of the western United States, making it essential to accurately predict snowmelt volume, timing, and rate. However, uncertainties in snowpack processes, the effects of climate change, and spatial variability in precipitation phase partitioning all complicate efforts to simulate snow accumulation and melt. With those three issues in mind, this work clarifies seasonal snow cover evolution in a changing climate by utilizing ground observations and validated output from a physics-based snow model. The first project focuses on how snowpacks develop cold content, the internal energy deficit that must be satisfied before snowmelt can begin. Previously it was unknown whether cold content developed primarily through meteorological or energy balance processes. Using snow pit data and model output, I show that new snowfall exerts the primary control on cold content development in the snowpacks at an alpine and subalpine site in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Additionally, model output indicates that cold content damps snowmelt rate and delays snowmelt onset at time scales one month and shorter, but has little correlation to those quantities at seasonal time scales. The second project evaluates the physical processes controlling the response of the alpine and subalpine snowpacks to increases in air temperature and changes to precipitation total and seasonality. The increased sensitivity of the subalpine snowpack to climate warming is primarily a result of decreases to snowpack cold content and increases in positive energy fluxes. As opposed to the differential response to warming, the two snowpacks exhibited fairly consistent responses to changes in total precipitation with later melt onset and faster snowmelt rates being associated with increased precipitation. Changes to precipitation seasonality had a near-negligible impact on snow cover properties at both sites. The final project expands on the spatial scope of the first two by simulating snow accumulation and melt at sites in the western United States that span a climatic gradient from warm maritime to cold continental. Previous research had shown spatial variability in rain-snow partitioning, but little was known about how this variability affected snow model simulations. The results from this project indicate that the selection of a method to partition rain and snow leads to the greatest divergence in seasonal snow cover evolution at the lower elevation maritime sites. Peak snow water equivalent and snowmelt timing simulated by the different methods varied by several hundred millimeters and over one month, respectively, at the warmest sites, and typically less than 20 mm and one week at the two coldest sites. Overall, this dissertation highlights how snow models and ground observations can be used to better understand snow accumulation and melt processes in a changing climate.</p

Effect of repetitive brief episodes of ischemia on cell volume, electrolytes and ultrastructure

The effects of repeated brief episodes of ischemia on myocardial cell volume, electrolytes and ultrastructure were studied in dogs. Seventeen animals were divided into five groups. Group 1 underwent a single 10 minute occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery, with no subsequent reperfusion. Group 2 was similarly subjected to a 10 minute coronary occlusion, but was allowed a 20 minute reperfusion period. Group 3 underwent two 10 minute occlusions separated by 20 minutes of reperfusion and Group 4 underwent four 10 minute occlusions, each separated from the next by 20 minutes of reperfusion. Group 5 was subjected to a single, uninterrupted 40 minute occlusion.The anterior and posterior papillary muscles in each heart were sampled to compare nonischemic versus ischemic myocardium. No changes in myocardial water or electrolytes occurred during ischemia. However, reperfusion was associated with slight increases in tissue water and potassium, loss of magnesium and minimal changes in sodium or calcium ions. Electron microscopic analysis revealed signs of mild ischemic injury (absence of normal intramitochondrial granules, partial loss of glycogen and slight clumping of the nuclear chromatin) in posterior papillary muscle from Groups 1, 3 and 4. Group 2 showed complete recovery with 20 minutes of reperfusion, whereas Group 5 showed evidence of irreversible injury. There was no difference in the appearance of myocardium that had been subjected to one, two or four 10 minute occlusions. It is concluded that intermittent periods of reperfusion between brief episodes of coronary ischemia have a protective effect and prevent a cumulative deterioration of myocardial ultrastructure

Keith Davison Interview, 2022

Keith Davison of Morris, Minnesota discusses his time in the Army during World War I. He talks about his position as a lawyer and judge in Morris, Minnesota. Keith discusses playing the tuba in community bands and music in the region. He also talks about the neighborhood swimming pool he built in his retirement.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/stevenscounty/1052/thumbnail.jp

Precipitation-snowmelt timing and snowmelt augmentation of large peak flow events, western Cascades, Oregon

Despite advances in the understanding of rain-on-snow storms and their resulting peak flows, little is understood about the response of snowmelt to precipitation and the relative timing of the two at multiple temporal scales within such events. To address this issue, climate, snowmelt, and streamflow data were analyzed for 26 large storms in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the western Cascades of Oregon. Cumulative net snowmelt was plotted against precipitation for each storm to identify net snowmelt response categories, which were then used to summarize climatic and streamflow data, while the timing of precipitation and net snowmelt was assessed at multiple temporal scales and time ranges with wavelet coherence. Five precipitation-net snowmelt response categories were identified: flat; persistent melt; persistent accumulation; late melt; and late accumulation. Persistent melt events, which were characterized by concomitantly increasing cumulative net snowmelt and precipitation, had the highest mean peak flow and water available for runoff values of the response categories. Large, contiguous regions of significant wavelet coherence at multiple temporal scales were observed in both the persistent melt and persistent accumulation categories, but the phase difference distributions indicated differing snowpack dynamics with pulses of precipitation leading pulses of snowmelt in the former and precipitation being absorbed by the snowpack in the latter. High water available for runoff totals and peak flows were observed in each of the five response categories, but a dewpoint temperature consistently above 0.5°C, elevated wind speeds, and a high fraction of precipitation falling as rain in the persistent melt category facilitated rapid snowmelt rates which were often synchronized with precipitation. Wavelet coherence showed this synchronization to be significant across all temporal scales and time periods for the two largest peak flows in the study, indicating that tightly coupled rainfall-synchrony is essential in generating an extreme rain-on-snow flood. By quantifying the amount and timing of net snowmelt, the categorization scheme provides a means of distinguishing among rain-on-snow events and predicting peak discharge magnitude

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (LS1): A Hands-On Approach for Grades 6–12

Integrate the NGSS and CCSS ELA by using a cycle of science and ELA activities to help students learn about the flow of energy between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Forces and Motion (PS2): An Integrated K–8 Hands-On Approach Supporting the NGSS and CCSS ELA

Explore the benefits of merging experiential science and literacy instruction to deepen students’ understanding of force and motion