Effect of step and/or gap tile misalignment on shuttle transition

The effect of tile misalignment, simulating both step type and gap type misalignment was determined on transition locations in the plane of symmetry of the shuttle orbiter. Data were obtained in a closed circuit hypersonic tunnel with a 50-in. diameter test section providing a Mach number of 8 over a range of pressure levels from 345,000 N/sq m (50 psi) to 620 million N/sq m (900 psi). The stagnation temperature is sufficient to avoid air liquefaction in the test section

Chimera: A Low Cost Solution to Small Satellite Space Access

In the Proceedings of the 17th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, UT State University Logan, UT, August 11 -14, 2003.The Chimera rocket was designed to enter the small satellite market by offering an affordable and flexible alternative to the Pegasus launch vehicle. A number of design concepts were evaluated, and one was selected to undergo detailed analysis. This included disciplinary analyses in aerodynamics, propulsion, trajectory, aeroheating, structures, weights, operations, and cost. The baseline vehicle, consisting of a Minuteman 2-2 first stage, a PAM-S second stage, and a new third stage carries a 100 and 50 kg payload to a 700 km altitude, at inclinations of 60° and 110° respectively. At this point a Monte Carlo Simulation was performed to determine how well the system met its price goals. The baseline vehicle fails to meet the desired launch price of $5 million to a reasonable confidence level. However, either the implementation of a cost reduction in the cost of the first stage, or the infusion of appropriate structural and propellant technologies in the design of the third stage, help to make the desired launch price viable

Effects of preset sequential administrations of sunitinib and everolimus on tumour differentiation in Caki-1 renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Sunitinib (VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor) and everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) are both approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as first-line and second-line therapy, respectively. In the clinics, sunitinib treatment is limited by the emergence of acquired resistance, leading to a switch to second-line treatment at progression, often based on everolimus. No data have been yet generated on programmed alternating sequential strategies combining alternative use of sunitinib and everolimus before progression. Such strategy is expected to delay the emergence of acquired resistance and improve tumour control. The aim of our study was to assess the changes in tumours induced by three different sequences administration of sunitinib and everolimus. METHODS: In human Caki-1 RCC xenograft model, sunitinib was alternated with everolimus every week, every 2 weeks, or every 3 weeks. Effects on necrosis, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and EMT status were assessed by immunohisochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Sunitinib and everolimus programmed sequential regimens before progression yielded longer median time to tumour progression than sunitinib and everolimus monotherapies. In each group of treatment, tumour growth control was associated with inhibition of mTOR pathway and changes from a mesenchymal towards an epithelial phenotype, with a decrease in vimentin and an increase in E-cadherin expression. The sequential combinations of these two agents in a RCC mouse clinical trial induced antiangiogenic effects, leading to tumour necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our study showed that alternate sequence of sunitinib and everolimus mitigated the development of mesenchymal phenotype compared with sunitinib as single agent

RETOS Y DESAFÍOS DE LA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA EN COLOMBIA

Las políticas públicas conforman la base de todo modelo, programa o proyecto sin importar su naturaleza o fin. Dichas normativas tienen como fin beneficiar a las poblaciones que más lo necesiten mediante marcos legislativos que garanticen su aplicabilidad y  coherencia.De esta manera, se busca identificar las principales dificultades que se suelen presentar en un marco de creación, implementación y seguimiento de las políticas públicas enfocadas a una población determinada.Esto permite evidenciar en dónde se encuentran los principales factores adversos, en qué  aspectos se concentran las problemáticas y cuál es el resultado de dicha incongruencia en las normativas públicas y en los actores que se encuentran involucrados

RETOS Y DESAFÍOS DE LA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA EN COLOMBIA

Las políticas públicas conforman la base de todo modelo, programa o proyecto sin importar su naturaleza o fin. Dichas normativas tienen como fin beneficiar a las poblaciones que más lo necesiten mediante marcos legislativos que garanticen su aplicabilidad y  coherencia.De esta manera, se busca identificar las principales dificultades que se suelen presentar en un marco de creación, implementación y seguimiento de las políticas públicas enfocadas a una población determinada.Esto permite evidenciar en dónde se encuentran los principales factores adversos, en qué  aspectos se concentran las problemáticas y cuál es el resultado de dicha incongruencia en las normativas públicas y en los actores que se encuentran involucrados