The Dandy-Walker syndrome

No Abstrac

New Protocols and Lower Bound for Quantum Secret Sharing with Graph States

We introduce a new family of quantum secret sharing protocols with limited quantum resources which extends the protocols proposed by Markham and Sanders and by Broadbent, Chouha, and Tapp. Parametrized by a graph G and a subset of its vertices A, the protocol consists in: (i) encoding the quantum secret into the corresponding graph state by acting on the qubits in A; (ii) use a classical encoding to ensure the existence of a threshold. These new protocols realize ((k,n)) quantum secret sharing i.e., any set of at least k players among n can reconstruct the quantum secret, whereas any set of less than k players has no information about the secret. In the particular case where the secret is encoded on all the qubits, we explore the values of k for which there exists a graph such that the corresponding protocol realizes a ((k,n)) secret sharing. We show that for any threshold k> n-n^{0.68} there exists a graph allowing a ((k,n)) protocol. On the other hand, we prove that for any k< 79n/156 there is no graph G allowing a ((k,n)) protocol. As a consequence there exists n_0 such that the protocols introduced by Markham and Sanders admit no threshold k when the secret is encoded on all the qubits and n>n_0

Relating some stuff to other stuff

Traceability in food and medicine supply chains has to handle stuffs—entities such as milk and starch indicated with mass nouns—and their portions and parts that get separated and put together to make the final product. Implementations have underspecified ‘links’, if at all, and theoretical accounts from philosophy and in domain ontologies are incomplete as regards the relations involved. To solve this issue, we define seven relations for portions and stuff-parts, which are temporal where needed. The resulting theory distinguishes between the extensional and intensional level, and between amount of stuff and quantity. With application trade-offs, this has been implemented as an extension to the Stuff Ontology core ontology that now also imports a special purpose module of the Ontology of units of Measure for quantities. Although atemporal, some automated reasoning for traceability is still possible thanks to using property chains to approximate the relevant temporal aspects

UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

In vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test anergy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is associated with T cell nonresponsiveness in vitr

Spatio-structural granularity of biological material entities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With the continuously increasing demands on knowledge- and data-management that databases have to meet, ontologies and the theories of granularity they use become more and more important. Unfortunately, currently used theories and schemes of granularity unnecessarily limit the performance of ontologies due to two shortcomings: (i) they do not allow the integration of multiple granularity perspectives into one granularity framework; (ii) they are not applicable to cumulative-constitutively organized material entities, which cover most of the biomedical material entities.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The above mentioned shortcomings are responsible for the major inconsistencies in currently used spatio-structural granularity schemes. By using the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as a top-level ontology and Keet's general theory of granularity, a granularity framework is presented that is applicable to cumulative-constitutively organized material entities. It provides a scheme for granulating complex material entities into their constitutive and regional parts by integrating various compositional and spatial granularity perspectives. Within a scale dependent resolution perspective, it even allows distinguishing different types of representations of the same material entity. Within other scale dependent perspectives, which are based on specific types of measurements (e.g. weight, volume, etc.), the possibility of organizing instances of material entities independent of their parthood relations and only according to increasing measures is provided as well. All granularity perspectives are connected to one another through overcrossing granularity levels, together forming an integrated whole that uses the <it>compositional object perspective </it>as an integrating backbone. This granularity framework allows to consistently assign structural granularity values to all different types of material entities.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The here presented framework provides a spatio-structural granularity framework for all domain reference ontologies that model cumulative-constitutively organized material entities. With its multi-perspectives approach it allows querying an ontology stored in a database at one's own desired different levels of detail: The contents of a database can be organized according to diverse granularity perspectives, which in their turn provide different <it>views </it>on its content (i.e. data, knowledge), each organized into different levels of detail.</p

Long-term treatment with egg oral immunotherapy enhances sustained unresponsiveness that persists after cessation of therapy

We previously reported results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study of egg oral immunotherapy (eOIT), in which 27.5% of subjects achieved sustained unresponsiveness (SU) after 2 years. Here we report results of treatment through 4 years and long-term follow-up

The mechanisms and processes of connection: developing a causal chain model capturing impacts of receiving recorded mental health recovery narratives.

BACKGROUND: Mental health recovery narratives are a core component of recovery-oriented interventions such as peer support and anti-stigma campaigns. A substantial number of recorded recovery narratives are now publicly available online in different modalities and in published books. Whilst the benefits of telling one's story have been investigated, much less is known about how recorded narratives of differing modalities impact on recipients. A previous qualitative study identified connection to the narrator and/or to events in the narrative to be a core mechanism of change. The factors that influence how individuals connect with a recorded narrative are unknown. The aim of the current study was to characterise the immediate effects of receiving recovery narratives presented in a range of modalities (text, video and audio), by establishing the mechanisms of connection and the processes by which connection leads to outcomes. METHOD: A study involving 40 mental health service users in England was conducted. Participants were presented with up to 10 randomly-selected recovery narratives and were interviewed on the immediate impact of each narrative. Thematic analysis was used to identify the mechanisms of connection and how connection leads to outcome. RESULTS: Receiving a recovery narrative led participants to reflect upon their own experiences or those of others, which then led to connection through three mechanisms: comparing oneself with the narrative and narrator; learning about other's experiences; and experiencing empathy. These mechanisms led to outcomes through three processes: the identification of change (through attending to narrative structure); the interpretation of change (through attending to narrative content); and the internalisation of interpretations. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to identify mechanisms and processes of connection with recorded recovery narratives. The empirically-based causal chain model developed in this study describes the immediate effects on recipients. This model can inform selection of narratives for use in interventions, and be used to support peer support workers in recounting their own recovery narratives in ways which are maximally beneficial to others

A core ontology of macroscopic stuff

Domain ontologies contain representations of types of stuff (matter, mass, or substance), such as milk, alcohol, and mud, which are represented in a myriad of ways that are neither compatible with each other nor do they follow a structured approach within the domain ontology. Foundational ontologies and Ontology distinguish between pure stuff and mixtures only, if it contains stuff. We aim to fill this gap between foundational and domain ontologies by applying the notion of a `bridging' core ontology, being an ontology of categories of stuff that is formalised in OWL. This core ontology both refines the DOLCE and BFO foundational ontologies and resolves the main type of interoperability issues with stuffs in domain ontologies, thereby also contributing to better ontology quality. Modelling guidelines are provided to facilitate the Stuff Ontology's use

CLaRO: a Controlled Language for Authoring Competency Questions

Competency Questions (CQs) assist in the development and maintenance of ontologies and similar knowledge organisation systems. The absence of tools to support the authoring of CQs has hampered their effective use. The few existing question templates have limited coverage of sentence constructions and are restricted to OWL. We aim to address this by proposing the \cqcnl~template-based CNL to author CQs. For its design, we exploited a new dataset of 234 CQs that had been processed automatically into 106 patterns, which we analysed and used to design a template-based CNL, with an additional CNL model and XML serialisation. The CNL was evaluated, showing coverage of about 90\% with the 93 templates and their 41 variants. \cqcnl~has the potential to facilitate streamlining formalising ontology content requirements and, given that about one third of the CQs in the test sets turned out to be invalid questions, assist in writing good questions