SEIZURES WITH ANTI-SEIZURE DRUG

This case study is to report and explore the etiology of a case of refractory seizures due to overdosage of phenytoin tablets. A case report from the Department of Neurology generated through voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR)reporting stated phenytoin overdosage leading to refractory status epilepticus which did not respond to any of the antiepileptic drugs. A 33-year-old female patient with the history of consumption 15 tablets of phenytoin and a metal ring as part of a suicidal bid a month ago, presented with unconsciousness, persistent seizures, and gangrene of fingers. Magnetic resonance imaging showed generalized atrophic changes of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Electroencephalogram suggested multifocal onset status epilepticus. The patient did not respond to standard emergency treatment of status epilepticus with known antiepileptic drugs and was treated with thiopentone infusion under mechanical ventilation, which controlled her seizures as long as she was maintained under the infusion. Causality analysis using the World Health Organization scale categorizes this ADR as possibleâ€, as the patient is a known case of seizure disorder with additional cerebral changes. Hence, the disease could have had an influence over the toxic reaction. To conclude, seizures are a rare complication of phenytoin. Seizures can be prevented by evaluating therapeutic plasma concentration of phenytoin. In this case, the patient was on chronic treatment, and due to intentional toxicity, she progressed to a refractory state of seizures. This could have occurred because of the unique kinetic profile of phenytoin, small therapeutic index, genetic variation in drug metabolizing enzymes, and saturated sodium channels

Fuzzy Translationin Fuzzy d-Ideals and Fuzzy d-Subalgebra

In this paper, we discuss about some properties such as fuzzy translation in fuzzy d-ideals and fuzzy d-subalgebr

Standardization and pharmacological Screening of Siddhar Kuligai

The test drug Siddhar Kuligai was selected from the siddha literature “Veerama Munivar Vagada Thirattu-part1" its Standardization and Pharmacological screening (anti inflammatory, analgesic activity) in an animal model and anticancer activity in in-vitro cell line model. The dissertation started with an introduction explaining about the siddha concept and role of the test drug in treating cancer. • The test drug was prepared properly by the given procedure. All the ingredients were identified and authenticated by the respective field experts. • Review of literature in various categories was carried out. Siddha aspect, botanical aspect and pharmaceutical review disclosed about the drug and the disease. Pharmacological review was done to establish the methodologies. • The drug was subjected to analysis such as, physicochemical, chemical analysis, phytochemical, Instrumental and pharmacological analysis which provided the key ingredients present in the drug thus it accounts the efficacy of the drug. • Identification of functional groups was engaged by using Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy [FTIR]. • The partical size and identification and quantitative analysis of chemical elements of siddhar kuligai were assessed by SEM with EDAX and XRF. • The Siddhar Kuligai does not show the evidence for the presence of any of the aflatoxins. • The Instrumental analysis report reveals that the heavy metals like Lead, Cadmium Arsenic and Mercury are within the permissible limits. • Pharmacological study was done. It revealed the Anti-infalmmatory, Analgesic activities of trail medicine in animal model viz., Wistar albino rats and swiss albino mice and anti-cancer activity in in-vitro cell line model This study suggests Siddhar Kuligai has remarkable medicinal value in the treatment of cancer. • Results and discussion gives the necessary justifications to prove the potency of the drug

Efficacy of sitagliptin in retarding the progression of albuminuria and assessing its safety and efficacy in patients with diabetic nephropathy

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease. Microalbuminuria is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. ACE inhibitors decrease albumin excretion and prevent its progression. Sitagliptin, a novel therapeutic agent for type2 diabetes mellitus. So, this study carried out to investigate the effect of sitagliptin in albuminuria along with ACE inhibitors and its efficacy, safety of glycemic profile in diabetic nephropathy. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study evaluated the efficacy of sitagliptin in retarding the progression of albuminuria, and assessing its safety of glycemic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes with early stage of nephropathy. METHODS: In this randomized open label study, Patients with diabetic nephropathy were randomized to two groups (n=30 each). Control group received oral Anti Diabetic Drugs+ Tab. Enalapril 2.5 mg and study group received ADD + Tab.Enalapril2.5mg+ Tab. Sitagliptin 100 mg. Patient evaluated at the end of 24 weeks. RESULTS: Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio decreased from 302.10 to 143.83 at 24 weeks in the sitagliptin treated group (P value=0.001) and in control group UCAR value reduced from 324.10 to 290.93 mg/gm. Statistically significant reductions in HbA1C, FBS, PPBS, SBP were observed with sitagliptin treated group. Adverse effects reactions were less in the study group (10%) compared to control (26%) group CONCLUSION: Sitagliptin significantly reduced albuminuria and improved glycemic control and was well tolerated in patients with early stage diabetic nephropathy

APOPTOTIC INDUCTION POTENTIALS OF BACOPA MONERI AGAINST ORAL CANCER CELL LINE

Aim: To assess the apoptotic induction potentials of Bacopa monnieri against oral cancer cell.Objective: This research is done to find the apoptotic induction potentials of B. monnieri against oral cancer cell line.Background: The apoptosis is a process of programed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cellchanges and death. The initiation of apoptosis is tightly regulated by activation mechanisms, because once apoptosis has begun, it inevitably leadsto the death of the cell. The two best-understood activation mechanisms are the intrinsic pathway (also called the mitochondrial pathway) and theextrinsic pathway.Methods: The apoptotic induction potential of B. monnieri was studied on KB cell line by investigating the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9.Reason: Oral cancer is a growing concern due to the changes in lifestyle. The treatment for this disease has been degraded the patient's health bycausing various side effects. An effective treatment for the long run is necessary. Usable of herbal plants can serve to be a possible and very effective remedy.Results: Apoptotic induction potentials of B. monnieri against oral cancer cell line were studied.Conclusion: Caspase 3 and caspase 9 was activated thus proving the apoptotic potential of B. monnieri.Keywords: Bacopa monnieri, oral cancer, apoptotic induction

Improving privacy and security of data using Secured Distributable Cloud Storage (SDCS)

Cloud Computing is a recent BUZZWORD in the IT world. Behind this fancy poetic phrase there lies a true picture of the future of computing for both in technical perspective and social perspective. There are three issues that we are going to consider in cloud computing. First is Security Issue, security loss says about how the data is being used by the server providers. They try to business your data that you have stored in their servers. To overcome this Issue, we use the concept of Distributed Storage System. Second one is Data Loss, the problem of the ever increasing threat of Malware and Ransomware to cloud storage has led to the option of storing a copy the user data on Proxy Server. Third is, issues on Hacking, it is illegal access of data. Hackers are the crackers who hack the data during transmission of data either for social good purpose or for personal purpose. Cryptographic Data splitting with dynamic approach is used for securing information

Knowledge And Awareness on Iron Deficiency Anaemia Among Women - A Questionnaire Based Survey

Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the major health problems faced by women. Several factors such as age, sex, socio-economic status, educational level play prominent roles in influencing the health status.Iron deficiency anaemia may result in slow growth and development, fatigue, stillbirth etc.But the knowledge and awareness towards it was significantly low.The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of women towards iron deficiency anaemia. A questionnaire based survey was conducted among 100 female participants. Questionnaire was distributed through a survey link. Results were collected and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistical Analyzer (23.0 version). Frequency distribution and descriptive analysis were carried out. Pearson Chi square test was done. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.The results of the study showed that the knowledge and awareness of women carried according to their level of education. Participants who are educated were found to have re knowledge and awareness compared to the participants who are not educated. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for women to gain adequate knowledge on iron deficiency anaemia to make lifestyle modifications for healthy living.Saveetha Dental Colleg

A Comparative study of Impact of Grading of Tubercle of Zuckerkandl on Thyroid Surgeries and Its Outcome

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid diseases has increased in incidence since the last decades. The reasons may be various including hormonal imbalance, changes in lifestyle, change in food habits and early detection of the disease. Due to this reason thyroidectomy has become one of the surgeries which has evolved recently, with very high technical variations. The technique of thyroidectomy largely varies from surgeon to surgeon, although the basic principle remains the same. But it is recently known that thyroid surgery has to be done meticulously removing the whole of thyroid gland, including pyramidal lobe and tubercle of Zuckerkandl. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to compare and grade the tubercle of zuckerkandl and its outcome in thyroid surgeries. Tubercle of zuckerkandl were graded according to the size. The injury to RLN and parathyroids were taken into account. Overall impact of the size of TOZ on RLN and parathyroid injury were considered. METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective randomized case control study done for the period of one and half years from January 2018 to June 2019. Patients presenting with nodular goitre in Government Rajaji Hospital both in General Surgery OPD and Surgical Endocrinology OPD who has indication for surgery were selected for the study. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examination and investigations like TFT, USG-neck, FNAC. These investigations and clinical analysis were done for the patients recruited in the study. Categorization were done depending on the presence (along with the grading) and absence of tubercle of zuckerkandl and their impact on recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and post operativehypocalcemia are studied. CONCLUSION: But in contrast to the other studies, in this study we have stated that TZ amounts to injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroids if the grading is more. “MORE THE GRADING OF TZ, MORE IS THE INJURY TO RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE AND PARATHYROIDS THUS CAUSING VOICE CHANGE AND HYPOCALCEMIA”

Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Using Isolated Solasodine from Solanum Surattense for Anti- Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity.

The present study Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are widely used in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammation, pain and fever. But the greatest disadvantage in presently available synthetic drugs is that they cause gastrointestinal irritation and reappearance of symptoms after discontinuation [5,46]. Therefore, there is a dire need for screening and development of novel and better anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic drug that will be effective with better safety profile. Indigenous medicinal plants could be a logical source to find these. Solanum surattense has many therapeutic uses mentioned in Ayurveda, especially Anti-inflammatory property [3]. This is mainly due to the alkaloid solasodine which is found in leaves and berries of the plant S.surattense. This plant is available throughout India and hence I intended to carry out my work to formulate and evaluate the transdermal patches from isolated solasodine of Solanum surattense for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activity. Objectives of the study include To standardize the crude drug used for the Isolation. Isolation of solasodine from S.Surattense. Characterization of isolated compound. Formulation of transdermal patches using isolated compound of solasodine. Standardization and evaluation of transdermal patches. Invitro evaluation of Transdermal paches. Skin irritation test of Transdermal patches in rabbits. Invivo evaluation for anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activity. CONCLUSION: The present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate the transdermal patches using isolated solasodine for anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activity. The crude drug was consistent with various identity, quality and purity parameters such as physico-chemical parameters, fluorescence analysis, and heavy metal analysis. The crude drug was used for the isolation of solasodine and formulation of transdermal patches. The patch which shows maximum drug release in in vitro studies were selected for pharmacological evaluation. Transdermal patches containing solasodine shows better anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activity when compared to synthetic standards used such as indomethacin and aspirin. Thus these patches may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammations, pain, fever, but detailed preclinical and clinical studies are required to establish the use of solasodine transdermal patches as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic formulation