Experimental evaluation of transonic stators, data and performance report, multiple circular arc stator B

Transonic stator with multiple circular arc airfoils and minimum curvature tested over range of flow angles and velocities - stator

Experimental Evaluation of Transonic Stators, Data and Performance Report, Double Circular Arc Stator

Transonic stator with double circular arc airfoils tested over range of flow angles and velocitie

Intolerance and Adult Perceptions of Antisocial Behaviour: Focus Group Evidence from Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods of Glasgow

No abstract available

An investigation of Fe XVI emission lines in solar and stellar EUV and soft X-ray spectra

New fully relativistic calculations of radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross sections for Fe XVI are used to determine theoretical emission-line ratios applicable to the 251 - 361 A and 32 - 77 A portions of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray spectral regions, respectively. A comparison of the EUV results with observations from the Solar Extreme-Ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS) reveals excellent agreement between theory and experiment. However, for emission lines in the 32 - 49 A portion of the soft X-ray spectral region, there are large discrepancies between theory and measurement for both a solar flare spectrum obtained with the X-Ray Spectrometer/Spectrograph Telescope (XSST) and observations of Capella from the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. These are probably due to blending in the solar flare and Capella data from both first order lines and from shorter wavelength transitions detected in second and third order. By contrast, there is very good agreement between our theoretical results and the XSST and LETGS observations in the 50 - 77 A wavelength range, contrary to previous results. In particular, there is no evidence that the Fe XVI emission from the XSST flare arises from plasma at a much higher temperature than that expected for Fe XVI in ionization equilibrium, as suggested by earlier work.Comment: 6 pages, 4 tables, 1 figure, MNRAS in pres

Experimental Evaluation of Transonic Stators Preliminary Analysis and Design Report

A flow-generating rotor has been designed under NASA contract NAS3-7614 to enable three transonic stators to be tested. The stators were designed by NASA in conjunction with the Contractor. Design analyses were conducted and the results indicate that the rotor will produce the required inlet flow to the stators. Structural and vibration analyses indicate that resonances and critical speeds occur outside the operating range and that the component stresses will be well within the capabilities of the materials used. Design details of the flow generation rotor and the three transonic stators are presented

Two-stage, low noise advanced technology fan. 4: Aerodynamic final report

A two-stage research fan was tested to provide technology for designing a turbofan engine for an advanced, long range commercial transport having a cruise Mach number of 0.85 -0.9 and a noise level 20 EPNdB below current requirements. The fan design tip speed was 365.8m/sec (1200ft/sec);the hub/tip ratio was 0.4; the design pressure ratio was 1.9; and the design specific flow was 209.2 kg/sec/sq m(42.85lbm/sec/sq ft). Two fan-versions were tested: a baseline configuration, and an acoustically treated configuration with a sonic inlet device. The baseline version was tested with uniform inlet flow and with tip-radial and hub-radial inlet flow distortions. The baseline fan with uniform inlet flow attained an efficiency of 86.4% at design speed, but the stall margin was low. Tip-radial distortion increased stall margin 4 percentage points at design speed and reduced peak efficiency one percentage point. Hub-radial distortion decreased stall margin 4 percentage points at all speeds and reduced peak efficiency at design speed 8 percentage points. At design speed, the sonic inlet in the cruise position reduced stall margin one percentage point and efficiency 1.5 to 4.5 percentage points. The sonic inlet in the approach position reduced stall margin 2 percentage points

Fe XIII emission lines in active region spectra obtained with the Solar Extreme-Ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph

Recent fully relativistic calculations of radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross sections for Fe {\sc xiii} are used to generate emission-line ratios involving 3s$^{2}$3p$^{2}$--3s3p$^{3}$ and 3s$^{2}$3p$^{2}$--3s$^{2}$3p3d transitions in the 170--225 \AA and 235--450 \AA wavelength ranges covered by the Solar Extreme-Ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS). A comparison of these line ratios with SERTS active region observations from rocket flights in 1989 and 1995 reveals generally very good agreement between theory and experiment. Several new Fe {\sc xiii} emission features are identified, at wavelengths of 203.79, 259.94, 288.56 and 290.81 \AA. However, major discrepancies between theory and observation remain for several Fe {\sc xiii} transitions, as previously found by Landi (2002) and others, which cannot be explained by blending. Errors in the adopted atomic data appear to be the most likely explanation, in particular for transitions which have 3s$^{2}$3p3d $^{1}$D$_{2}$ as their upper level. The most useful Fe {\sc xiii} electron density diagnostics in the SERTS spectral regions are assessed, in terms of the line pairs involved being (i) apparently free of atomic physics problems and blends, (ii) close in wavelength to reduce the effects of possible errors in the instrumental intensity calibration, and (iii) very sensitive to changes in N$_{e}$ over the range 10$^{8}$--10$^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$. It is concluded that the ratios which best satisfy these conditions are 200.03/202.04 and 203.17/202.04 for the 170--225 \AA wavelength region, and 348.18/320.80, 348.18/368.16, 359.64/348.18 and 359.83/368.16 for 235--450 \AA.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 10 tables, MNRAS, in pres

An assessment of Fe XX - Fe XXII emission lines in SDO/EVE data as diagnostics for high density solar flare plasmas using EUVE stellar observations

The Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory obtains extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of the full-disk Sun at a spectral resolution of ~1 A and cadence of 10 s. Such a spectral resolution would normally be considered to be too low for the reliable determination of electron density (N_e) sensitive emission line intensity ratios, due to blending. However, previous work has shown that a limited number of Fe XXI features in the 90-60 A wavelength region of EVE do provide useful N_e-diagnostics at relatively low flare densities (N_e ~ 10^11-10^12 cm^-3). Here we investigate if additional highly ionised Fe line ratios in the EVE 90-160 A range may be reliably employed as N_e-diagnostics. In particular, the potential for such diagnostics to provide density estimates for high N_e (~10^13 cm^-3) flare plasmas is assessed. Our study employs EVE spectra for X-class flares, combined with observations of highly active late-type stars from the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite plus experimental data for well-diagnosed tokamak plasmas, both of which are similar in wavelength coverage and spectral resolution to those from EVE. Several ratios are identified in EVE data which yield consistent values of electron density, including Fe XX 113.35/121.85 and Fe XXII 114.41/135.79, with confidence in their reliability as N_e-diagnostics provided by the EUVE and tokamak results. These ratios also allow the determination of density in solar flare plasmas up to values of ~10^13 cm^-3.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, MNRAS in pres

Do Norms Still Matter? The Corrosive Effects of Globalization on the Vitality of Norms

Why does the process of globalization undermine the power of social norms to regulate behavior? Norms are the social regularities that shape individual behavior and help to create vibrant--or dysfunctional--communities. Most theories of norms do not account for the many ways that globalization affects the foundations of norms. This Article fills the gap by developing a more robust theory of the informal regulation of behavior that considers the ways that the process of globalization can interfere with the creation of norms and erode their power. Drawing on behavioral economics, sociology, and criminology, the theory proposed in this Article contains three claims. First, because individuals in a globalizing community typically suffer from significant disruptions in relationships, the community\u27s ability to regulate itself is eroded. In vibrant communities, residents are willing to intervene in the lives of their neighbors by, for example, scolding children who misbehave in public or teenagers who deface buildings. But in a globalizing community, the conditions that give rise to this willingness to intervene are eroded by the process of globalization. Second, globalization can distort the process of creating and enforcing social norms by allowing individuals to, in effect, immunize themselves from the sanctions typically employed to enforce norms. For example, differences in social status affect the ways that observers judge illicit behavior, and the ways that they condemn, condone, or ignore that behavior. Third, globalization also makes it possible for individuals to engage in what the Author calls reputational segmentation. In this process, people who wish to engage in an activity that carries social sanctions do so in a place where they are immune to the real effects of those sanctions. For instance, Western tourists who travels to the developing world to engage in illicit sexual activity, often with children, may suffer social sanctions in the destination community, but those sanctions do not follow those tourists back to their countries of origin. And because the quality of the person\u27s life is affected almost entirely by his reputation in his country of origin, the ability to engage in reputational segmentation allows him to escape the consequences of his actions. The Author\u27s theory differs from other work on norms and globalization because it considers both the role of individuals and the incentives that shape their actions, as well as the role of communities in the enforcement of norms. With some notable exceptions, most scholarship that considers the power of norms looks at the incentives that guide an individual\u27s decision to comply with or deviate from social norms. But as communities confront globalization, they evolve in ways that inevitably affect the power and content of norms. The give and take between individuals and communities is therefore central to the way that globalization affects norms