Epidemiology is ecosystem science

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2017-10-03, accepted 2019-02-06, registration 2019-02-07, pub-electronic 2019-02-26, online 2019-02-26, pub-print 2021-05Publication status: PublishedAbstract: This paper primarily argues that Epidemiology is Ecosystem Science. It will not only explore this notion in detail but will also relate it to the argument that Classical Chinese Medicine was/is Ecosystem Science. Ecosystem Science (as instantiated by Epidemiology) and Ecosystem Science (as instantiated by Classical Chinese Medicine) share these characteristics: (a) they do not subscribe to the monogenic conception of disease; (b) they involve multi variables; (c) the model of causality presupposed is multi-factorial as well as non-linear