Manhattan plot and Q-Q plot of genome-wide meta-analysis.

<p>(A) The Manhattan plot of the meta-analysis of Chinese, Malays and Indians. The minus log₁₀ of P-values (Y-axis) of inverse-variance meta-analysis across the 22 autosomal chromosomes after genomic control were plotted against the genomic coordinates. The horizontal line represents the genome-wide significant level of 5x10^-8. (B) Q-Q plot of the observed P-values (Y-axis) against the expected P-values (X-axis). The diagonal line and its 95% confidence envelop were also plotted.</p

Principal component analysis (PCA) of 1,224 samples from 16 global populations.

<p>PCA of 1,224 samples from SSIP, SSMP and 14 populations from Phase 1 of the 1-coded by continents (panel A). An analysis of admixture was also performed on the 16 populations with ADMIXTURE, where the number of distinct populations (<i>K</i>) was allowed to vary between 2 and 8 (panel B). The black window highlights the position of the SSIP samples on the admixture plot.</p

Principal component analysis (PCA) of SSIP samples with 132 South Asians.

<p>PCA of 36 SSIP samples with 132 South Asian samples from 25 well-defined Indian groups by Reich and colleagues <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004377#pgen.1004377-Reich3" target="_blank">[44]</a> using 202,600 SNPs that were present in both databases (panel A). Five groups corresponding to Great Andamanese, Onge, Nyshi, Aonaga and Siddi were subsequently removed, leaving 104 samples from 20 Indian groups to be analyzed in a second PCA, where the samples were first assigned a color according to their group memberships (panel B), and second by the latitude of origin into North and South Indians (panel C, see <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004377#pgen.1004377.s018" target="_blank">Table S2</a> for the classification of North and South Indians). The color assignments in panels A and B are represented by the color legend on the bottom left of the figure.</p

Dstatistic analysis with ancient genomes for 5 randomly selected paired samples from each population from 1KGP and SSMP, anchored with a different SSIP sample (G1) and the chimpanzee genome in each of the 5 iterations.

<p>Dstatistic analysis with ancient genomes for 5 randomly selected paired samples from each population from 1KGP and SSMP, anchored with a different SSIP sample (G1) and the chimpanzee genome in each of the 5 iterations.</p

Mitochondria haplogroup assignment for the 36 SSIP samples.

<p>Mitochondria haplogroup assignment for the 36 SSIP samples.</p

Size distribution and novelty of variants in SSIP.

<p>Autosomal variants identified in the 36 SSIP samples, which included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertion/deletions (indels) between 2 bp to 50 bp, and large deletions between 51 bp to 1 Mb. The SSIP SNPs and indels are defined as novel if they are not present in SSMP and dbSNP137, whereas dbSNP132 was used for defining the novelty of the 1 KGP SNPs and indels. The novelty of large deletions in SSIP and 1 KGP is defined with respect to SSMP and DGV release 2013-07-23.</p

Assessing intra-population diversity between the samples.

<p>The extent of SNP sharing between every pair of samples in a population can be measured with a distance measure <i>D</i> that is scaled between 0 and 1 (vertical axis), where a higher value indicates a greater extent of heterogeneity in SNP content (or a lower degree of SNP sharing) between two samples. All possible pairwise measurements of <i>D</i> in each population are represented in a boxplot, where the ends of the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum distances between specific pairs of samples in that population, the edges of the box indicates the 1^st and 3^rd quartiles, and the horizontal line in the box represents the median pairwise distance. The groups are colored with respect to the four continents (Americas – maroon; Africans – red; Asians – green; Europeans – blue). Each label on the horizontal axis indicates the continent label, population label, number of samples and total number of sample pairs of the population.</p

Chromosome Y haplogroup assignment for the 11 SSIP male samples.

<p>Chromosome Y haplogroup assignment for the 11 SSIP male samples.</p

Pedagogical and psychological factors that influence player performance in youth football

Title: Psychological and pedagogical factors that influence player performance in youth football Objectives: The objective of the theoretical part is to analyze the psychological development of the player and the pedagogical aspects influencing the performance from the point of view of the educational activities of the coaches and parents. The selected theoretical starting points are then linked to the player's game play and its sporting development. The content of the research section is to examine the emotional reactions of the players of the preparatory and pupil categories in the clubs AC Sparta Praha and FK Dukla Praha. We analyzed the results of the emotional experience of the players and then we analyzed the differences of factors in the developmental stages of the sporting development and the results of the differences of emotional reactions of the players of both clubs. Methods: In this work we used a questioning method, namely a standardized DEMOR emotional reaction questionnaire examining emotional reactions of pupils. We have adapted it to the sport training environment and piloted. The research was conducted in seven teams of the AC Sparta Prague Football Club and seven teams of FK Dukla Prague in the U9-U15 category. Results: The results showed high values of positive emotional..