Abusive supervision and employee perceptions of leaders' implicit followership theories

2014 Fall.In this study, I integrated research on abusive supervision and leaders' implicit followership theories (LIFTs; Sy, 2010). An important proposition of LIFTs theory is that matching between LIFTs and an employee's characteristics should yield the most positive employee outcomes; however, these matching effects in the LIFTs context have not yet been tested. Therefore, I examined the extent to which agreement and disagreement between employees' perceptions of their supervisor's LIFTs and employees' ratings of their own characteristics related to two outcomes - abusive supervision and LMX. Results from two samples of student employees supported the prediction that employee perceptions of supervisor LIFTs and their own characteristics would be associated with lower abusive supervision and higher LMX. In addition, perceived LIFTs and employee characteristics interacted such that employees who reported highly positive supervisor LIFTs and highly positive employee characteristics also reported the least abusive supervision and the highest quality relationships with their supervisor. The greater the discrepancy between employees' supervisor LIFTs ratings and their employee characteristics ratings, the higher the abusive supervision that they reported, supporting the matching hypothesis suggested by LIFTs theory. Finally, the level of discrepancy between employees' supervisor LIFTs ratings and their employee characteristics ratings significantly related to LMX only in one of the two samples, providing partial support for this hypothesis. Overall, this study shows that various combinations of perceived LIFTs and employee characteristics influence employee outcomes in important ways

Work group inclusion : test of a scale and model

We develop a theoretically based 10-item measure of work group inclusion comprised of two components (belongingness and uniqueness) and use this measure to empirically test the nomological network of work group inclusion developed by Shore et al. In Phase 1, we use two samples of full-time employees to develop and refine items as well as establish content validity. In Phase 2, we demonstrate convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity with both conceptually related and unrelated constructs. In Phase 3, we use data from an additional sample of employees and supervisors to test criterion-related validity and mediation by examining the multilevel relationships between inclusion and important antecedents and outcomes. Across the three phases of our study, the results demonstrate support not only for the factor structure, reliability, and validity of our work group inclusion measure but also for a theoretical model in which the construct of inclusion has important implications for individuals and organizations

Inclusive leadership : realizing positive outcomes through belongingness and being valued for uniqueness

We introduce a theoretically-grounded conceptualization of inclusive leadership and present a framework for understanding factors that contribute to and follow from inclusive leadership within work groups. We conceptualize inclusive leadership as a set of positive leader behaviors that facilitate group members perceiving belongingness in the work group while maintaining their uniqueness within the group as they fully contribute to group processes and outcomes. We propose that leader pro-diversity beliefs, humility, and cognitive complexity increase the propensity of inclusive leader behaviors. We identify five categories of inclusive leadership behaviors that facilitate group members' perceptions of inclusion, which in turn lead to member work group identification, psychological empowerment, and behavioral outcomes (creativity, job performance, and reduced turnover) in the pursuit of group goals. This framework provides theoretical grounding for the construct of inclusive leadership while advancing our understanding of how leaders can increase diverse work group effectiveness

Geographic and individual tree variation in some wood characters of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.). I. Fibre length

This article does not have an abstract

Co-inoculation of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizae for growth promotion and nutrient fortification in soybean under drought conditions

Drought is significant abiotic stress that affects the development and yield of many crops. The present study is to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar on root morphological traits, growth, and physiological traits in soybean under water stress. Impact of AMF and biochar on development and root morphological traits in soybean and AMF spores number and the soil enzymes' activities were studied under drought conditions. After 40 days, plant growth parameters were measured. Drought stress negatively affected soybean growth, root parameters, physiological traits, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities. Biochar and AMF individually increase significantly plant growth (plant height, root dry weight, and nodule number), root parameters such as root diameter, root surface area, total root length, root volume, and projected area, total chlorophyll content, and nitrogen content in soybean over to control in water stress. In drought conditions, dual applications of AMF and biochar significantly enhanced shoot and root growth parameters, total chlorophyll, and nitrogen contents in soybean than control. Combined with biochar and AMF positively affects AMF spores number, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities in water stress conditions. In drought stress, dual applications of biochar and AMF increase microbial biomass by 28.3%, AMF spores number by 52.0%, alkaline phosphomonoesterase by 45.9%, dehydrogenase by 46.5%, and fluorescein diacetate by 52.2%, activities. The combined application of biochar and AMF enhance growth, root parameters in soybean and soil enzyme activities, and water stress tolerance. Dual applications with biochar and AMF benefit soybean cultivation under water stress conditions.Peer reviewe

Forest tree improvement in India

Forest tree breeding is relatively a young science. Even so, there is good evidence of its potentiality for increasing forest productivity and quality of the forest produce. The basic scheme for forest tree improvement involves selection of superior parent trees, assembling them as clones in seed orchards in special designs to promote maximum cross pollination among the different clones and reduce inbreeding. Interprovenance and interspecific hybridisation are also resorted to in special situations. Forest tree improvement work through selection and breeding has been in progress in India for the last nearly two decades. Some of the achievements and strategies used are briefly reviewed

Influence of leaders' implicit followership theories on employee outcomes, The

2011 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.This paper addressed a new concept called leader's implicit followership theories (LIFTs), which can be defined as leaders' pre-existing beliefs about followers' personal attributes and characteristics (Sy, 2010). The goal of this paper was to address the impact of LIFTs on employee outcomes. Specifically, LIFTs were hypothesized to influence the relationship between supervisors and their employees. Employees' perception of this relationship was hypothesized to influence employee outcomes - namely, employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This model was partially supported. Supervisor LIFTs did not predict employees' perceptions of the relationship with their supervisor. Employees' perceptions of the relationship predicted job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Conceptual and measurement limitations of LIFTs and future directions for research on LIFTs are discussed

Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction of a nano-scale crack with grain boundaries in alpha-Fe

The interaction of nano-scale cracks with grain boundaries in alpha-Fe were studied using symmetric tilt grain boundaries with [11 (2) over bar] and [(1) over bar 10] tilt axis. For each tilt axis four types of grain boundaries were chosen-low angle, general high angle, E3 and Ell. A crack perpendicular to the boundary plane was introduced between the two boundaries. The grain boundaries were equilibrated using molecular statics simulation and the entire configuration was deformed at constant strain rate using isobaric-isothermal (NPT) ensemble at 0 K. The stress strain behaviour of the configurations, variation of dislocation line density with strain and the screening effect of the grain boundaries were studied. The strain field around the crack tip and the dislocations emitted from it interact with the grain boundaries. The configuration with E3 grain boundaries showed higher tensile strength while that with Ell showed lower tensile strength. This was attributed to the orientation of the dislocations in the {1 (1) over bar0} boundary plane with 180 degrees tilt angle and the complete coherency with {(1) over bar(1) over bar2} boundary plane with 70.53 degrees tilt angle. Further, in both the E3 grain boundary configurations, even the most favourable slip system had a low Schmid factor, thus making slip difficult in the grain too. The configurations with 4.9 degrees and 31.59 degrees tilt angle about the [110] tilt axis showed the most effective stress screening. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved