“Safety is just a thing men take for granted”: Teaching a Spatial Vocabulary of Equality to Architecture Students

Abstract The focus of this paper is to present a method of teaching architecture students how to learn from conducting a socio-spatial analysis in order to design a safe and secure built environment. This paper illustrates the connections between the learning objectives of a multi-part assignment and issues of citizenship, inclusivity, and equity.Résumé L’objet de cet article est de présenter une méthode visant à enseigner aux étudiants en architecture les façons d’apprendre d’une analyse socio-spatiale afin de concevoir un environnement bâti sûr. Cet article illustre les liens entre les objectifs d’apprentissage d’un travail à multiples volets et les enjeux de la citoyenneté, de l’inclusion et de l’équité

New methods of researching healthcare facility users: the nursing workspace

This study is entitled Embodied Professionalism: The relationship between the physicalnature of nursing work and nursing space. The analysis is based in a critical examination of existing approaches, assumptions, and attitudes in the research literature about who, what, and how to study the person-environment relationship in healthcare facilities. New methods of studying how nurses experience their work, their workplace and the objects in their workspace are needed in order to address important issues of this person-environment relationship. Nursing work is re-conceptualized asembodied professionalism which acknowledges the interconnections between the physical labor ofprofessional nursing work, time, and space. This is a qualitative case study of nursing activities on a surgical unit that are invisible, marginalized, and unaccounted for in the research literature. Instead of studying how nurses' efficiency and productivity could be increased through design interventions, this study examines the physical nature of nursing work and the physical setting from the nurses' perspective. Instead of viewing the healthcare facility as solely a place for healing, this approach views the healthcare facility as a place for working. A nurse's goal can simply be the desire to ‘get the workdone.' A qualitative research methodology and a mixed method approach is used in this study. The methods include structured interviews, location mapping, photo-documentation, architectural inventories, place-centered behavioral mapping, and focused observations. In order to get a better understanding of how nurses experience their workspace, an image-based visual research method, theexperiential collage, was designed. The findings from using these methods reveal the significant rolethat the physical activities of moving, searching, and recovering play in gaining insights into nurses' socio-spatial experience of the nursing workspace

Clinical and microbiological characterisation of invasive enteric pathogens in a South African population: the interaction with HIV

A Thesis Submitted to the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Johannesburg, South Africa 2016.Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with invasive enteric infections in HIV-infected patients, since it was first described in the 1980s. In South Africa, HIV remains an important health challenge, despite the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2003. In association with this, is an ongoing problem of invasive enteric infections, including those due to Shigella and Salmonella, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi). There are few South African data available as to the incidence of invasive disease due to these pathogens and how these data may contrast with the presentation and outcome in HIV-uninfected patients. The associated risk factors for mortality due to invasive enteric pathogens and whether there has been a response with ART as an intervention also needs further elucidation. Aims This work was undertaken to better describe the burden of invasive enteric infections (Shigella, nontyphoidal Salmonella and Salmonella Typhi) in association with HIV, define risk factors for mortality and establish whether the introduction of ART has impacted on disease burdens due to these pathogens. Methods Laboratory-based surveillance for enteric pathogens was initiated in 2003. Basic demographic details (age and gender) were collected on all patients where possible. In 25 hospital sites in all nine provinces, additional clinical information was collected by trained surveillance officers, including HIV status, data reflecting severity of illness, other immune suppressive conditions, antimicrobial and antiretroviral usage and outcome (survival versus death). Laboratories were requested to transport all isolates to the Centre for Enteric Diseases (CED) at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) in Johannesburg for further characterisation, including serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing where relevant (whether isolates could respectively be classified as Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 and Salmonella Typhi H58). Additional cases were sought through audits of the Central Data Warehouse (CDW) of the NHLS. Annual incidence rates were calculated according to published estimates of population by age group by the Actuarial Society of South Africa for the Department of Statistics of the South African government. Analyses were specifically directed at invasive shigellosis, Salmonella meningitis, typhoid fever in South Africa and nontyphoidal salmonellosis in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data were recorded in an Access database and analysed using chisquared test to establish differences between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals and univariate and multivariate analysis to compare risk factors for mortality. Data in the number of patients accessing ART were derived through audits of the CDW, by using the numbers of patients on whom viral loads were done annually as a proxy. Results Between 2003 and 2013, a total of 10111 invasive enteric isolates were received by CED. For patients for whom sex was recorded, 3283/6244 (52.6%) of patients presenting with invasive enteric infections were male; invasive disease was predominantly observed in children less than five years of age (1605/6131; 26.2%) and those who were aged between 25 and 54 years (3186/6131; 52.0%), with the exception of typhoid fever where the major burden was in patients aged 5 to 14 years (302/855; 35.3%). KH Keddy 81-11384 PhD iv More HIV-infected adult women were observed with invasive shigellosis (P=0.002) and with typhoid fever compared with adult men (P=0.009). Adults aged ≥ 15 years were more likely to die than children aged < 15 years (invasive shigellosis, odds ratio [OR]=3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.6 – 6.6, P=0.001; Salmonella meningitis, OR=3.7, 95% CI=1.7 – 8.1, P=0.001; typhoid fever, OR=3.7, 95% CI=1.1 – 14.9, P=0.03; invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis, OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.6 – 2.5, P<0.001). HIV-infected patients had a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with HIVuninfected patients (invasive shigellosis, OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.5 – 11.8, P=0.008; Salmonella meningitis OR=5.3, 95% CI=1.4-20.0, P=0.013; typhoid fever, OR=11.3, 95% CI=3.0 – 42.4, P<0.001; invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis OR=2.5, 95% CI=1.7 – 3.5, P<0.001). In all patients, severity of illness was the most significant factor contributing to mortality (invasive shigellosis, OR=22.9, 95% CI=2.7 – 194.2, P=0.004; Salmonella meningitis OR=21.6, 95% CI=3.5 – 133.3, P=0.01; typhoid fever, OR=10.8, 95% CI=2.9 – 39.5, P<0.001; invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis OR=5.4, 95% CI=3.6 – 8.1, P<0.001). Between 2003 and 2013, ART was significantly associated with decreasing incidence rates of invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis in adults aged 25 - 49 years (R=-0.92; P<0.001), but not in children (R=-0.50; P=0.14). Conclusion Decreasing incidence rates of invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis and shigellosis suggest that ART is having an impact on opportunistic enteric disease in HIV. Further work is necessary however, to fully understand the associations between age, sex and invasive enteric pathogens. Specifically, this work would include typhoid fever, Shigella transmission from child to adult carer, development of invasive enteric infections in HIV-exposed children and whether the decreasing incidence rates can be sustained. Moving forward, an understanding of invasive enteric infections in the HIV-uninfected patient may assist in targeting severity of illness as a risk factor for mortality.MT201

Methodology for Assessing a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) Blast Potential

Composite Vessels are now used to store a variety of fluids or gases including cryogenic fluids under pressure. Sudden failure of these vessels under certain conditions can lead to a potentially catastrophic vapor expansion if thermal control is not maintained prior to failure. This can lead to a "Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion" or BLEVE

Alien Registration- Hyson, Margaret (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21568/thumbnail.jp

Editorial: Cholera - the new epidemic?

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Development of an integrated heat pipe-thermal storage system for a solar receiver

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Solar Dynamic Power System (SDPS) is one of the candidates for Space Station prime power application. In the low Earth orbit of the Space Station approximately 34 minutes of the 94-minute orbital period is spent in eclipse with no solar energy input to the power system. For this period the SDPS will use thermal energy storage (TES) material to provide a constant power output. An integrated heat-pipe thermal storage receiver system is being developed as part of the ORC-SDPS solar receiver. This system incorporates potassium heat pipe elements to absorb and transfer the solar energy within the receiver cavity. The heat pipes contain the TES canisters within the potassium vapor space with the toluene heater tube used as the condenser region of the heat pipe. During the insolation period of the Earth orbit, solar energy is delivered to the heat pipe in the ORC-SDPS receiver cavity. The heat pipe transforms the non-uniform solar flux incident in the heat pipe surface within the receiver cavity to an essentially uniform flux at the potassium vapor condensation interface in the heat pipe. During solar insolation, part of the thermal energy is delivered to the heater tube and the balance is stored in the TES units. During the eclipse period of the orbit, the balance stored in the TES units is transferred by the potassium vapor to the toluene heater tube

The Physiological Profile of a Blind Female Solo Ultra-Endurance Cyclist – a Novel Case Study

Ultra-endurance mountain biking (MTB) greater than 2,450 miles in 51 days with over 150,000 feet of elevation gain is a significant physiological and fear-inducing journey for anyone. This case study showcases the psychophysiology of a blind solo (i.e., single bike) rider (BSR) with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) who achieved an unparalleled ride of the Tour Divide MTB route with 2 male guides (MG). PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this project was to observe the interplay between fatigue (acute training load, ATL), fitness (chronic training load, CTL), and form (training stress balance, TSB) as part of a performance management chart (PMC) and Training Stimulus Score™ (TSS™). METHODS: This case study was a retrospective, descriptive assessment of rider Training Peaks™ (Boulder, CO) TSS™ data, which portrays daily fluctuations between ATL (7 d avg), CTL (42 d avg), and TSB (yesterday’s CTL – yesterday’s ATL). The 3 riders continually wore a heart rate monitor and wearable wrist GPS technology (Garmin, Olathe, KS) to track metrics throughout the 51 d ride. RESULTS: BSR and MG (mean of 2 male guides) age, wt, ht, and BMI, respectively, were: 47 vs 47.5 y, 65.9 vs 77.3 kg, 1.6 vs 1.8 m, and 26.5 vs. 23.7 kg/m2. Average rider MTB metrics per day for distance, minutes, speed, and elevation gain were, respectively: 87.7±22.2 km, 7.5±2.3 hrs, 5.5±1.4 km/hr, and 957±205 m. Average daily riding heart rate, average riding peak HR, and TSS for BSR vs MG were, respectively: 138.8±5.9 vs 103.9±6.9 bpm, 161.6±27.9 vs 143.3±11.4 bpm, and 251.9±82.3 vs 302.0±95.7 TSS. BSR and MS RPE (6-20 scale) per day averages were 11-12 for overall body fatigue (i.e., all riders) and BSR was 19 for perceived “fear” vs MG remaining at 11-12 for “fear”. 51 d averages for ATL, CTL, and TSB for BSR vs MG were, respectively: 206.1±50.0 vs 216.4±48.1, 118.1±39.0 vs 117.5±32.1, and -76.6±35.0 vs -88.4±44.6. CONCLUSION: Despite greater, daily perceived “fear”, BSR (vs MG) maintained augmented PMC metrics, indicating less daily ATL, higher CTL, and better TSB. This may, in part, support BSR’s high physical ability to complete the ride despite self-reporting a greater degree of perceived “fear” each day. Ultimately, BSR’s achievements may help inform the blind and visually impaired population about accruing greater physical fitness to help offset perceptions of fear

An outbreak of food poisoning among children attending an international sports event in Johannesburg - don't let it happen again!

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Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Late Oligocene-Miocene reefal carbonates in southwestern Puerto Rico

Recently exposed Oligocene-Miocene (O-M) strata in Santa Elena, Guyanilla and the section at Playa de Jaboncilla, southwestern Puerto Rico show variations in lithology and in the occurence and relative abundance of planktonic and benthic foraminifers. The planktonic foraminifers are interspersed in the relatively deeper, open marine shelf segments, wheras the intervening shallower segments are characterized by an abundance of benthic foraminifers. Although shallow marine, smaller benthic foraminifers are generally of limited use for biostratigraphy, they are used in conjunction with planktonic taxa to develop a high-resolution biostratigraphy for the Oligocene-Miocene reefel carbonates of southwestern Puerto Rico. Upper Oligocene mudstone and packstone and overlying Miocene argillaceous limestone and chalk yielded a diverse foraminiferal fauna comprising both planktonic (Catapsydrax, Chiloguembelina, Dentoglobigerina, Globigerina, Globigerinoides) and benthic (Anomalinoides, Arcaias, Cancris, Elphidum, Eorupertia, Hanzawaia, Heterostegina, Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, Miosorites, Neorotalia, Rosalina, Siphonina, Stilostomella and Yaucorotalia) taxa. This assemblage indicates a late Oligocene-Miocene (P21 - M14 Zone)age for the Santa Elena and Playa de Jaboncilla sections, with a break in sedimentation at the top of the upper Oligocene. Significant shallowing occurred between the upper Oligocene and Miocene resulting in a hiatus, comparing well with the global seal-level regression at that time. This hiatus lasted for 3.3 million years as shown by the absence of planktonic foram Zone P22 (27.1 Ma - 23.8 Ma)