Primary Molar Pulpotomies with Different Hemorrhage Control Agents and Base Materials: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographical success of primary molar pulpotomies which used 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS) or 1.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for hemostasis and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) and calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes as base materials. Methods: In 29 healthy children, 80 primary molars were randomly allocated to one of the study groups: Group 1: FS-ZOE, Group 2: FS-CH, Group 3: NaOCl-ZOE, and Group 4: NaOCl-CH. After hemostasis with the respective solutions, pulp stumps and floor of the pulp chambers were covered with either ZOE or CH pastes. All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns. Follow-up examinations were carried out at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: One tooth in Group 1 and two teeth in Group 4 were extracted because of pain and periapial pathosis at sixth month. After 12 months, clinical success rates of pulpotomies in Groups 1-4 were 95%, 100%, 100%, and 89.5%, respectively. The differences were not significant (P = 0.548). Radiographic success rates for Groups 1-4 were 80%, 88.9%, 78.9%, and 84.2%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.968). Pain on percussion was the most observed clinical finding. However, internal root resorption was the most common radiological finding and it was observed significantly more in mandibular primary molars (P \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: Both ZOE and CH can be preferred as base materials after hemostasis achieved by the use of 15.5% FS or 1.25% NaOCl in primary tooth pulpotomy

hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p regulates expression of the gene U2AF homology motif (UHM) kinase 1

Objective: We aimed to identify a microRNA (miRNA) that is significantly upregulated in blood and in cells of the oral mucosa upon exposure to the periodontitis main risk factors oral inflammation and tobacco smoke, to subsequently identify its target gene and to describe the molecular mechanism of gene regulation. Background: miRNAs are associated with many disorders. Array-based miRNA expression studies indicated a number of differentially expressed miRNAs in the pathology of oral diseases. However, these miRNAs mostly lacked replication, and their target genes have remained unknown. Methods: 863 miRNAs were analyzed in blood from 18 PD cases and 70 controls (Geniom Biochip). Selected miRNAs were analyzed for upregulation in the inflamed oral mucosa of PD patients using published miRNA expression profiling studies from gingival cells. hsa-miR-374b-5p mimic was overexpressed in primary gingival fibroblasts (pGFs) from 3 donors, and genome-wide mRNA expression was quantified (Clarion Array). Gene-specific regulation was validated by qRT-PCR and Luciferase activity in HeLa cells. Results: hsa-miR-374b-5p showed >twofold change (FC) in 3 independent studies performed in blood, gingival tissues, and cells. After hsa-miR-374b-5p overexpression, genome-wide expression analysis showed UHMK1 as top 1 downregulated gene in pGFs (p = 2.5 × 10-04 , fold change = -1.8). Reporter genes demonstrated that hsa-miR-374b-5p downregulates mRNA levels (p = .02; FC = -1.5), leading to reduction in protein activity (p = .013, FC = -1.3). Conclusions: hsa-miR-374b-5p is upregulated in blood and ginvial cells exposed to oral inflammation and tobacco smoke and regulates UHMK1, which has a role in osteoclast differentiation

Obese mice exposed to psychosocial stress display cardiac and hippocampal dysfunction associated with local brain-derived neurotrophic factor depletion

Introduction: Obesity and psychosocial stress (PS) co-exist in individuals of Western society. Nevertheless, how PS impacts cardiac and hippocampal phenotype in obese subjects is still unknown. Nor is it clear whether changes in local brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) account, at least in part, for myocardial and behavioral abnormalities in obese experiencing PS. Methods: In adult male WT mice, obesity was induced via a high-fat diet (HFD). The resident-intruder paradigm was superimposed to trigger PS. In vivo left ventricular (LV) performance was evaluated by echocardiography and pressure-volume loops. Behaviour was indagated by elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y-maze. LV myocardium was assayed for apoptosis, fibrosis, vessel density and oxidative stress. Hippocampus was analyzed for volume, neurogenesis, GABAergic markers and astrogliosis. Cardiac and hippocampal BDNF and TrkB levels were measured by ELISA and WB. We investigated the pathogenetic role played by BDNF signaling in additional cardiac-selective TrkB (cTrkB) KO mice. Findings: When combined, obesity and PS jeopardized LV performance, causing prominent apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and remodeling of the larger coronary branches, along with lower BDNF and TrkB levels. HFD/PS weakened LV function similarly in WT and cTrkB KO mice. The latter exhibited elevated LV ROS emission already at baseline. Obesity/PS augmented anxiety-like behaviour and impaired spatial memory. These changes were coupled to reduced hippocampal volume, neurogenesis, local BDNF and TrkB content and augmented astrogliosis. Interpretation: PS and obesity synergistically deteriorate myocardial structure and function by depleting cardiac BDNF/TrkB content, leading to augmented oxidative stress. This comorbidity triggers behavioral deficits and induces hippocampal remodeling, potentially via lower BDNF and TrkB levels. Fund: J.A. was in part supported by Rotary Foundation Global Study Scholarship. G.K. was supported by T32 National Institute of Health (NIH) training grant under award number 1T32AG058527. S.C. was funded by American Heart Association Career Development Award (19CDA34760185). G.A.R.C. was funded by NIH (K01HL133368-01). APB was funded by a Grant from the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region entitled: “Heart failure as the Alzheimer disease of the heart; therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities”. M.C. was supported by PRONAT project (CNR). N.P. was funded by NIH (R01 HL136918) and by the Magic-That-Matters fund (JHU). V.L. was in part supported by institutional funds from Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (Pisa, Italy), by the TIM-Telecom Italia (WHITE Lab, Pisa, Italy), by a research grant from Pastificio Attilio Mastromauro Granoro s.r.l. (Corato, Italy) and in part by ETHERNA project (Prog. n. 161/16, Fondazione Pisa, Italy). Funding source had no such involvement in study design, in the collection, analysis, interpretation of data, in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication

Kinetics of the adsorption of strontium ions by a crosslinked copolymer containing methacrylic acid functional groups

The crosslinked copolymers of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) and methacrylic acid (MA) containing different amounts of MA as weight percentage (MA content = 10.00%, 25.00% and 50.00%) were synthesized by using BPO-DMA initiator system at room temperature. Infrared (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the crosslinked copolymers. The crosslinked copolymer containing 25.00% of MA as weight percentage (w/w) was used as adsorbent for the removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution. The effects of parameters including strontium concentration, agitation time, temperature and pH were examined. Kinetics of the adsorption of strontium ions on the copolymer bearing methacrylic acid functional groups from aqueous solution at various initial strontium concentrations was studied. Goodness of experimental results to the Elovich, fractional powder, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models have been examined. The pseudo-second order model provided a high degree of correlation with the experimental data for the adsorption process of strontium ion on the crosslinked copolymer bearing methacrylic acid funtional goups from aqueous solutions

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of U(VI) ions on densely crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) from aqueous solutions

In this study, densely crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) was used to adsorb uranium(VI) ions from aqueous solution. For this purpose, the crosslinked copolymer of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) and methacrylic acid (MA) containing 25% (w/w) methacrylic acid (MA) was synthesized by using dibenzoyl peroxide-N,N-dimethylaniline (BPO-DMA) initiator system at room temperature. The adsorption of uranium(VI) ions on the copolymer sample (0.02 g copolyrner/5mL solution of U(VI) ions) was carried out in a batch reactor. The parameters which effect the uranium adsorption process, Such as, contact time, pH of solution, initial uranium(VI) concentration and temperature were investigated. It was observed that an increase in these parameters enhanced the removal of U(VI) ions front aqueous Solution. The adsorption data were modelled by the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The adsorption capacity of the crosslinked copolymer and free energy change were calculated by using D-R isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters (Delta H degrees, Delta S degrees and Delta G degrees) were determined for the adsorption of U(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by the crosslinked copolymer bearing methacrylic acid functional groups. Experimental adsorption data were analyzed using sorption kinetic models of the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. It was observed that pseudo-second order kinetic model provided a high goodness of fit with experimental data for the adsorption of U(VI) ions on the crosslinked copolymer bearing methacrylic acid functional groups. The densely crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) might be of interest in large scale uranium removals from aqueous Solution, since it had high uranyl sorption capacities ranging from 0.16 to 2.37mmol/g copolymer at pH 2.7 (293 K)

Adsorption of strontium on illite

Adsorption of strontium on illite type clay has been studied as a function of shaking time, the ratio of solution volume to weight of clay and the concentration of adsorbate, using Sr-90 as a tracer. The adsorption experiments were carried out using the batch method and initial Sr2+ ion concentrations ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-1) M. The influence of Ca2+ and Ba2+ cations on Sr adsorption were also studied. These effects are correlated with the ionic radii of alkaline earth ions present in the solution. The Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm have been applied to the data and the parameters of the isotherm equations were calculated. The mean energy of adsorption, E was also calculated from the adsorption energy constant, K and maximum capacity X-m values were determined from linearized D-R equation. From empirical Freundlich parameters a site distribution function was calculated

Effects of platelet-rich fibrin on palatal wound healing after free gingival graft harvesting: A comparative randomized controlled clinical trial

PubMedID: 28817141This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on palatal wound healing after free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting. A total of 125 patients were randomized after FGG: PRF with butyl-cyanoacrylate (BC) adhesive (PRF group; n = 42), BC adhesive alone (BC group; n = 42), and sterile wet gauze compression (WG group; n = 41). Bleeding, pain, epithelialization, feeding habits, and sensation scores were recorded for different time points. Statistically significant differences were found for all parameters in favor of the PRF group (P = .0001). PRF may provide significant benefits for wound healing parameters and patients' postoperative course after palatal graft harvesting. © 2017 by Quintessence Publishing Co Inc