8,186 research outputs found
Nodal domain distributions for quantum maps
The statistics of the nodal lines and nodal domains of the eigenfunctions of
quantum billiards have recently been observed to be fingerprints of the
chaoticity of the underlying classical motion by Blum et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett.,
Vol. 88 (2002), 114101) and by Bogomolny and Schmit (Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 88
(2002), 114102). These statistics were shown to be computable from the random
wave model of the eigenfunctions. We here study the analogous problem for
chaotic maps whose phase space is the two-torus. We show that the distributions
of the numbers of nodal points and nodal domains of the eigenvectors of the
corresponding quantum maps can be computed straightforwardly and exactly using
random matrix theory. We compare the predictions with the results of numerical
computations involving quantum perturbed cat maps.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Second version: minor correction
Investigating the Structure of the Windy Torus in Quasars
Thermal mid-infrared emission of quasars requires an obscuring structure that
can be modeled as a magneto-hydrodynamic wind in which radiation pressure on
dust shapes the outflow. We have taken the dusty wind models presented by
Keating and collaborators that generated quasar mid-infrared spectral energy
distributions (SEDs), and explored their properties (such as geometry, opening
angle, and ionic column densities) as a function of Eddington ratio and X-ray
weakness. In addition, we present new models with a range of magnetic field
strengths and column densities of the dust-free shielding gas interior to the
dusty wind. We find this family of models -- with input parameters tuned to
accurately match the observed mid-IR power in quasar SEDs -- provides
reasonable values of the Type 1 fraction of quasars and the column densities of
warm absorber gas, though it does not explain a purely luminosity-dependent
covering fraction for either. Furthermore, we provide predictions of the
cumulative distribution of E(B-V) values of quasars from extinction by the wind
and the shape of the wind as imaged in the mid-infrared. Within the framework
of this model, we predict that the strength of the near-infrared bump from hot
dust emission will be correlated primarily with L/L_Edd rather than luminosity
alone, with scatter induced by the distribution of magnetic field strengths.
The empirical successes and shortcomings of these models warrant further
investigations into the composition and behaviour of dust and the nature of
magnetic fields in the vicinity of actively accreting supermassive black holes.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Nodal Domain Statistics for Quantum Maps, Percolation and SLE
We develop a percolation model for nodal domains in the eigenvectors of
quantum chaotic torus maps. Our model follows directly from the assumption that
the quantum maps are described by random matrix theory. Its accuracy in
predicting statistical properties of the nodal domains is demonstrated by
numerical computations for perturbed cat maps and supports the use of
percolation theory to describe the wave functions of general hamiltonian
systems, where the validity of the underlying assumptions is much less clear.
We also demonstrate that the nodal domains of the perturbed cat maps obey the
Cardy crossing formula and find evidence that the boundaries of the nodal
domains are described by SLE with close to the expected value of 6,
suggesting that quantum chaotic wave functions may exhibit conformal invariance
in the semiclassical limit.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Assessing Financial Vulnerability in the Nonprofit Sector
Effective nonprofit governance relies upon understanding an organization's financial condition and vulnerabilities. However, financial vulnerability of nonprofit organizations is a relatively new area of study. In this paper, we compare two models used to forecast bankruptcy in the corporate sector (Altman 1968 and Ohlson 1980) with the model used by nonprofit researchers (Tuckman and Chang 1991). We find that the Ohlson model has higher explanatory power than either Tuckman and Chang's or Altman's in predicting four different measures of financial vulnerability. However, we show that none of the models, individually or combined, are effective in predicting financial distress. We then propose a more comprehensive model of financial vulnerability by adding two new variables to represent reliance on commercial-type activities to generate revenues and endowment sufficiency. We find that this model outperforms Ohlson's model and performs substantially better in explaining and predicting financial vulnerability. Hence, the expanded model can be used as a guide for understanding the drivers of financial vulnerability and for identifying more effective proxies for nonprofit sector financial distress for use in future research. This publication is Hauser Center Working Paper No. 27. The Hauser Center Working Paper Series was launched during the summer of 2000. The Series enables the Hauser Center to share with a broad audience important works-in-progress written by Hauser Center scholars and researchers
Fractional -scaling for quantum kicked rotors without cantori
Previous studies of quantum delta-kicked rotors have found momentum
probability distributions with a typical width (localization length )
characterized by fractional -scaling, ie in regimes
and phase-space regions close to `golden-ratio' cantori. In contrast, in
typical chaotic regimes, the scaling is integer, . Here we
consider a generic variant of the kicked rotor, the random-pair-kicked particle
(RP-KP), obtained by randomizing the phases every second kick; it has no KAM
mixed phase-space structures, like golden-ratio cantori, at all. Our unexpected
finding is that, over comparable phase-space regions, it also has fractional
scaling, but . A semiclassical analysis indicates that the
scaling here is of quantum origin and is not a signature of
classical cantori.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Revtex, typos removed, further analysis added,
authors adjuste
On the resonance eigenstates of an open quantum baker map
We study the resonance eigenstates of a particular quantization of the open
baker map. For any admissible value of Planck's constant, the corresponding
quantum map is a subunitary matrix, and the nonzero component of its spectrum
is contained inside an annulus in the complex plane, . We consider semiclassical sequences of eigenstates, such that the
moduli of their eigenvalues converge to a fixed radius . We prove that, if
the moduli converge to , then the sequence of eigenstates
converges to a fixed phase space measure . The same holds for
sequences with eigenvalue moduli converging to , with a different
limit measure . Both these limiting measures are supported on
fractal sets, which are trapped sets of the classical dynamics. For a general
radius , we identify families of eigenstates with
precise self-similar properties.Comment: 32 pages, 2 figure
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Characterization of an Inherited Neurologic Syndrome in Toyger Cats with Forebrain Commissural Malformations, Ventriculomegaly and Interhemispheric Cysts.
BackgroundIn children, frequent congenital malformations with concomitant agenesis of the corpus callosum are diagnosed by neuroimaging in association with other cerebral malformations, including interhemispheric cysts and ventriculomegaly. Similar studies providing full characterization of brain defects by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and correlations with the pertinent anatomic pathologic examinations are absent in veterinary medicine.Hypothesis/objectivesCongenital brain defects underlie the neurologic signs observed in Toyger cats selectively bred for a short ear phenotype.AnimalsUsing proper pedigree analysis and genetic evaluations, 20 related Oriental-derived crossbred Toyger cats were evaluated. Seven clinically healthy (carrier) cats and 13 clinically affected cats that had neurologic signs, short ear phenotype and concomitant complex brain anomalies were studied.MethodsComplete physical and neurologic examinations and MRI were performed in all clinically healthy and affected cats. Postmortem and histopathologic examinations were performed in 8 affected cats and 5 healthy cats.ResultsNeurologic and MRI investigations confirmed 13 clinically affected cats with structural brain abnormalities. Ventriculomegaly with frequent concomitant supratentorial interhemispheric, communicating ventricular type-1b cysts and multiple midline and callosal malformations were detected in all cats displaying neurologic signs. Genetic analysis confirmed autosomal recessive mode of inheritance with no chromosomal abnormalities.Conclusions and clinical importanceNeuroanatomic dissections and histopathology were helpful for evaluation of abnormalities in midline brain structures, and for the full characterization of cysts. However, MRI was more sensitive for detection of small cysts. In this feline model, MRI diagnosis had extremely good correlation with pathologic abnormalities noted in the subset of animals that were examined by both modalities
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