1,602 research outputs found
Kibble-Zurek dynamics in an array of coupled binary Bose condensates
Universal dynamics of spontaneous symmetry breaking is central to
understanding the universal behavior of spontaneous defect formation in various
system from the early universe, condensed-matter systems to ultracold atomic
systems. We explore the universal real-time dynamics in an array of coupled
binary atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices, which undergo a
spontaneous symmetry breaking from the symmetric Rabi oscillation to the
broken-symmetry self-trapping. In addition to Goldstone modes, there exist
gapped Higgs mode whose excitation gap vanishes at the critical point. In the
slow passage through the critical point, we analytically find that the
symmetry-breaking dynamics obeys the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. From the scalings
of bifurcation delay and domain formation, we numerically extract two
Kibble-Zurek exponents and , which
give the static correlation-length critical exponent and the dynamic
critical exponent . Our approach provides an efficient way to simultaneous
determination of the critical exponents and for a continuous phase
transition.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in EPL (Europhysics
Letters
Continuous synthesis of hollow silver-palladium nanoparticles for catalytic applications.
Hollow bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit unique surface plasmonic properties, enhanced catalytic activities and high photo-thermal conversion efficiencies amongst other properties, however, their research and further deployment are currently limited by their complicated multi-step syntheses. This paper presents a novel approach for their continuous synthesis with controllable and tuneable sizes and compositions. This robust manufacturing tool, consisting of coiled flow inverter (CFI) reactors connected in series, allows for the first time the temporal and spatial separation of the initial formation of silver seeds and their subsequent galvanic displacement reaction in the presence of a palladium precursor, leading to the full control of both steps separately. We have also demonstrated that coupling the galvanic replacement and co-reduction leads to a great kinetic enhancement of the system leading to a high yield process of hollow bimetallic nanoparticles, directly applicable to other metal combinations
Enhanced photon-pair generation under coherent control
The generation of the narrowband strong-correlated biphotons via spontaneous
four-wave mixing can be effectively controlled and enhanced by an additional
driving field which drives a transition with its upper level being a Rydberg
state. We study the properties of the noise of the generated biphotons and show
that in the region of weak pumping and low atomic density, a high degree of the
photon correlation is maintained with the photon-pair generation rate
siginificantly enhanced
OPTIMIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM IN HEFEI CITY OF CHINA
The refuse collection spot is the central part in the municipal solid waste collecting system. The wrong collecting way would lead to environmental problem and disturb the life of citizens. With the demand of source separation in China, the waste collecting sites need to be improved. Nowadays there have three different types of wastes collecting in Hefei, capital city in Anhui province, China. The advantages and disadvantages of such waste collection system were compared and discussed. The suggestions were put forward. Concerning about special example for agricultural market waste collection, taking Hefei Wanguo market as a sample, the research was made to optimize the present collection system. Compared with traditional waste collecting sites, the results showed the agricultural market waste collecting sites were better in both environmental and social efficiency
RNase P Ribozymes Inhibit the Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus by Targeting Essential Viral Capsid Proteins.
An engineered RNase P-based ribozyme variant, which was generated using the in vitro selection procedure, was used to target the overlapping mRNA region of two proteins essential for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication: capsid assembly protein (AP) and protease (PR). In vitro studies showed that the generated variant, V718-A, cleaved the target AP mRNA sequence efficiently and its activity was about 60-fold higher than that of wild type ribozyme M1-A. Furthermore, we observed a reduction of 98%-99% in AP/PR expression and an inhibition of 50,000 fold in viral growth in cells with V718-A, while a 75% reduction in AP/PR expression and a 500-fold inhibition in viral growth was found in cells with M1-A. Examination of the antiviral effects of the generated ribozyme on the HCMV replication cycle suggested that viral DNA encapsidation was inhibited and as a consequence, viral capsid assembly was blocked when the expression of AP and PR was inhibited by the ribozyme. Thus, our study indicates that the generated ribozyme variant is highly effective in inhibiting HCMV gene expression and blocking viral replication, and suggests that engineered RNase P ribozyme can be potentially developed as a promising gene-targeting agent for anti-HCMV therapy
ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURE OF VOCS SOURCE IN AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN CHINA
This article describes the hazards and causes of VOCs as well as the state of VOCs. It is the main culprit in the production of VOCs, which is the main culprit of the production of VOCs source materials in automobile, and analyzes the production of VOCs in the raw material production process from the source. Finally, proposed reduction measures from three aspects of the raw materials, production, management
Estimating the crop leaf area index using hyperspectral remote sensing
AbstractThe leaf area index (LAI) is an important vegetation parameter, which is used widely in many applications. Remote sensing techniques are known to be effective but inexpensive methods for estimating the LAI of crop canopies. During the last two decades, hyperspectral remote sensing has been employed increasingly for crop LAI estimation, which requires unique technical procedures compared with conventional multispectral data, such as denoising and dimension reduction. Thus, we provide a comprehensive and intensive overview of crop LAI estimation based on hyperspectral remote sensing techniques. First, we compare hyperspectral data and multispectral data by highlighting their potential and limitations in LAI estimation. Second, we categorize the approaches used for crop LAI estimation based on hyperspectral data into three types: approaches based on statistical models, physical models (i.e., canopy reflectance models), and hybrid inversions. We summarize and evaluate the theoretical basis and different methods employed by these approaches (e.g., the characteristic parameters of LAI, regression methods for constructing statistical predictive models, commonly applied physical models, and inversion strategies for physical models). Thus, numerous models and inversion strategies are organized in a clear conceptual framework. Moreover, we highlight the technical difficulties that may hinder crop LAI estimation, such as the “curse of dimensionality” and the ill-posed problem. Finally, we discuss the prospects for future research based on the previous studies described in this review
Aquabis(2-amino-1,3-thiazole-4-acetato-κ2 O,N 3)nickel(II)
In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Ni(C5H5N2O2S)2(H2O)], the NiII cation is located on a twofold rotation axis and chelated by two 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-4-acetate (ata) anions in the basal coordination plane; a water molecule located on the same twofold rotation axis completes the distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Intermolecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, as well as π–π stacking between parallel thiazole rings [centroid–centroid distance 3.531 (8) Å], helps to stabilize the crystal structure
5 GHz TMRT observations of 71 pulsars
We present integrated pulse profiles at 5~GHz for 71 pulsars, including eight
millisecond pulsars (MSPs), obtained using the Shanghai Tian Ma Radio Telescope
(TMRT). Mean flux densities and pulse widths are measured. For 19 normal
pulsars and one MSP, these are the first detections at 5~GHz and for a further
19, including five MPSs, the profiles have a better signal-to-noise ratio than
previous observations. Mean flux density spectra between 400~MHz and 9~GHz are
presented for 27 pulsars and correlations of power-law spectral index are found
with characteristic age, radio pseudo-luminosity and spin-down luminosity. Mode
changing was detected in five pulsars. The separation between the main pulse
and interpulse is shown to be frequency independent for six pulsars but a
frequency dependence of the relative intensity of the main pulse and interpulse
is found. The frequency dependence of component separations is investigated for
20 pulsars and three groups are found: in seven cases the separation between
the outmost leading and trailing components decreases with frequency, roughly
in agreement with radius-to-frequency mapping; in eleven cases the separation
is nearly constant; in the remain two cases the separation between the outmost
components increases with frequency. We obtain the correlations of pulse widths
with pulsar period and estimate the core widths of 23 multi-component profiles
and conal widths of 17 multi-component profiles at 5.0~GHz using Gaussian
fitting and discuss the width-period relationship at 5~GHz compared with the
results at at 1.0~GHz and 8.6~GHz.Comment: 46 pages, 14 figures, 8 Tables, accepted by Ap
Study on the influencing factors and strategies of sorted collection of urban refuse in China
Although the sorted collection of urban refuse in China started later than that in developed countries, it has been sustained 14 years since the implementation of pilot project of waste sorting. However, the waste sorting among cities is still making slow progress and beset with difficulties in China. With a review of the actual situation of waste sorting in China, this article firstly introduced the urban refuse sorted way in China, and then analysed the influencing factors of the sorted collection of urban refuse. At last, we put forward some strategies and suggestions for dealing with the prominent challenges of the sorted collection of urban refuse in China
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