N-(5-Ethylsulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyri­din-5-yl)acetamide

In the title compound, C13H16N4OS3, a thienopyridine­derivative, the tetra­hydro­pyridine ring exhibits a half-chair conformation, and the folded conformation of the mol­ecule is defined by the N—C—C—N torsion angle of −78.85 (16)°. The crystal packing features inter­molecular C—H⋯N, N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

TMEM16B regulates anxiety-related behavior and GABAergic neuronal signaling in the central lateral amygdala.

TMEM16B (ANO2) is the Ca2+-activated chloride channel expressed in multiple brain regions, including the amygdala. Here we report that Ano2 knockout mice exhibit impaired anxiety-related behaviors and context-independent fear memory, thus implicating TMEM16B in anxiety modulation. We found that TMEM16B is expressed in somatostatin-positive (SOM+) GABAergic neurons of the central lateral amygdala (CeL), and its activity modulates action potential duration and inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC). We further provide evidence for TMEM16B actions not only in the soma but also in the presynaptic nerve terminals of GABAergic neurons. Our study reveals an intriguing role for TMEM16B in context-independent but not context-dependent fear memory, and supports the notion that dysfunction of the amygdala contributes to anxiety-related behaviors

1-[4-(3-{[5-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)furan-2-yl]methyl­idene­amino}-2,5-dioxoimidazol­idin-1-yl)but­yl]-4-methyl­piperazine-1,4-diium dichloride hemihydrate

The title compound, C23H30ClN5O3 2+·2Cl−·0.5H2O, was synthesized by N-alkyl­ation of 1-({[5-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-2-furan­yl]methyl­ene}amino)-2,4-imidazolidinedione with 1-bromo-4-chloro­butane, and N-methyl­piperazine. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds

1-[4-(4-Nitro­phen­yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro­thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone

The title compound, C19H22N4O3S, comprises a thienopyridine moiety which is characteristic for anti­platelet agents of the clopidogrel class of compounds. In the crystal, inversion dimers are formed through pairs of C—H⋯O inter­actions. The benzene ring plane and the nitro plane are almost coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 0.83 (2)°. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation

Comparison of 7.2% hypertonic saline - 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution after the induction of anesthesia in patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures

OBJECTIVE: The ideal solution for fluid management during neurosurgical procedures remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 7.2% hypertonic saline - 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HS-HES) solution and a 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution on clinical, hemodynamic and laboratory variables during elective neurosurgical procedures. METHODS: Forty patients scheduled for elective neurosurgical procedures were randomly assigned to the HS-HES group orthe HES group. Afterthe induction of anesthesia, patients in the HS-HES group received 250 mL of HS-HES (500 mL/h), whereas the patients in the HES group received 1,000 mL of HES (1000 mL/h). The monitored variables included clinical, hemodynamic and laboratory parameters. Chictr.org: ChiCTR-TRC-12002357 RESULTS: The patients who received the HS-HES solution had a significant decrease in the intraoperative total fluid input (