Ectopic Varices Rupture in the Gastroduodenal Anastomosis Successfully Treated with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate Injection

The term &#34;ectopic varices&#34; is used to describe dilated portosystemic collateral veins in unusual locations other than the gastroesophageal region. We recently experienced a rare case of ectopic varices that developed in the gastroduodenal anastomosis after subtotal gastrectomy. A 70-year-old male with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus infection was admitted for hematemesis and tarry stool. He had received a subtotal gastrectomy with the Billroth-I method for gastric ulcer at 46 years of age. Although emergency endoscopy revealed esophageal and gastric fundal varices, there were no obvious bleeding points. After removal of the coagula, ectopic varices and a fibrin plug were observed on the gastroduodenal anastomosis. During the observation, blood began to spurt from the fibrin plug. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate with lipiodol injection succeeded in hemostasis. Splenic angiography showed gastric varices feeding from a short gastric vein and the posterior gastric vein. The blood flow around the bleeding point, as indicated by lipiodol deposition, had decreased, and no feeding vein was observed. Endoscopic and angiographic findings are shown and the treatment for such lesions is discussed.</p

Error analysis of articles written by Japanese learners of English

This thesis analyses article errors made in written English by Japanese students of English as a foreign language. The study attempts to determine whether the use of articles is a fossilizable item for the Japanese learner of English, and, if so, what types of article errors trouble the learner most. The hypotheses set up are: 1) there is no significant correlation between frequency of article errors in a student's writing and the student's level of English proficiency; 2) of the types of errors under study, the omission error is prevalent; and 3) the first language interference is the main cause of the omission error.By means of careful error analysis, the investigator substantiates the hypotheses showing that the group which was in the higher grade in school was not always the one which made fewer errors, that in all the groups but one, the percentage of omission errors was conspicuously high, and that the subjects made fewer errors when the specific use in English had a lexical counterpart in Japanese.Thesis (M.A.

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Leptin receptor signaling is required for high-fat diet-induced atrophic gastritis in mice

Primers used for quantitative PCR. (DOCX 100 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of Leptin receptor signaling is required for high-fat diet-induced atrophic gastritis in mice

Alteration of index associated with obesity. Body weight (A), insulin, leptin, glucose and NEFA in sera (B) in CD- and HFD-fed WT, ob/ob and db/db mice were measured 1 week after feeding. Results were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis test. *p < 0.01. (EPS 1473 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Leptin receptor signaling is required for high-fat diet-induced atrophic gastritis in mice

Antibody list: Antibodies used for western blotting and immunohistochemistry. (DOCX 127 kb