Chapter 7 Diffusion of inclusive education in Malawi

This chapter discusses and analyzes the diffusion of the inclusive education concept as a norm of educational policy in developing countries by taking up primary school system in Malawi as a case. For the last two decades, international trends in education for pupils with disabilities have been shifting from “special” or “integrated” education to “inclusive education”. Inclusive education was originally launched through the Salamanca Statement, adopted at the World Conference on Special Needs Education in 1994. Adoption and widespread ratification of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provides the legal basis for this concept. Also, the SDGs, which embrace “inclusive” as a key term in the overarching Goal 4, significantly promote the diffusion of this concept in educational policies in both developed and developing countries. Our research is based on extensive fieldwork; seven classroom observations, 137 questionnaires and numerous interviews with key stakeholders including teachers, principals and parents. Based on this data analysis, the chapter discusses the complexity of diffusion of the norm of inclusive education from international to national, national to local, and suggests a more careful promotion of the new concept in educational practices, while fully acknowledging the achievement and potentials of inclusive education

若狭湾周辺地域の研究とくに地形と地質との関係について

京都大学0048新制・論文博士理学博士論理博第122号新制||理||59(附属図書館)1273(主査)教授 松下 進, 教授 吉沢 甫, 教授 初田 甚一郎学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Regulated growth of diatom cells on self-assembled monolayers

We succeeded in regulating the growth of diatom cells on chemically modified glass surfaces. Glass surfaces were functionalized with -CF(3), -CH(3), -COOH, and -NH(2 )groups using the technique of self-assembled monolayers (SAM), and diatom cells were subsequently cultured on these surfaces. When the samples were rinsed after the adhesion of the diatom cells on the modified surfaces, the diatoms formed two dimensional arrays; this was not possible without the rinsing treatment. Furthermore, we examined the number of cells that grew and their motility by time-lapse imaging in order to clarify the interaction between the cells and SAMs. We hope that our results will be a basis for developing biodevices using living photosynthetic diatom cells

Cellular Injury of Cardiomyocytes during Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Transfection with Ultrasound-Triggered Bubble Liposome Destruction

We transfected naked HGF plasmid DNA into cultured cardiomyocytes using a sonoporation method consisting of ultrasound-triggered bubble liposome destruction. We examined the effects on transfection efficiency of three concentrations of bubble liposome (1 × 106, 1 × 107, 1 × 108/mL), three concentrations of HGF DNA (60, 120, 180 μg/mL), two insonification times (30, 60 sec), and three incubation times (15, 60, 120 min). We found that low concentrations of bubble liposome and low concentrations of DNA provided the largest amount of the HGF protein expression by the sonoporated cardiomyocytes. Variation of insonification and incubation times did not affect the amount of product. Following insonification, cardiomyocytes showed cellular injury, as determined by a dye exclusion test. The extent of injury was most severe with the highest concentration of bubble liposome. In conclusion, there are some trade-offs between gene transfection efficiency and cellular injury using ultrasound-triggered bubble liposome destruction as a method for gene transfection

Spectral dependence of photoinduced spin precession in DyFeO3

Spin precession was nonthermally induced by an ultrashort laser pulse in orthoferrite DyFeO3 with a pump-probe technique. Both circularly and linearly polarized pulses led to spin precessions; these phenomena are interpreted as the inverse Faraday effect and the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect, respectively. For both cases, the same mode of spin precession was excited; the precession frequencies and polarization were the same, but the phases of oscillations were different. We have shown theoretically and experimentally that the analysis of phases can distinguish between these two mechanisms. We have demonstrated experimentally that in the visible region, the inverse Faraday effect was dominant, whereas the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect became relatively prominent in the near-infrared region.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure