A Fundamental Study on the Screenless Lithography : A View of the Mechanisms of Continuous Tone Reproduction

The author approached the mechanisms of continuous tone reproduction in the screenless lithography from the side of sensitizing agents. A commonly used o-quinone diazide compound was adapted as sensitizing agent, with which a grainless cleaned aluminum sheet was coated. Effects of chemical and physical changes of the photosensitive coatings by UV rays irradiation on continuous tone reproduction were investigated by means of IR spectral analysis, wettability with water, profiling and micrographing the plate surfaces and densitometry of a printed color. In order to eliminate any undesirable factor for the subject, smooth-faced grainless aluminum plates were used as the substrates. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Ink receptivity and film thickness of photosensitive coatings after exposure and development decreased as the amount of exposure increased. 2)The structural changes of the coatings were micrographically observed as follows ; cracks appear at first, then follows a network construction, spots remain dispersed and eventually these spots disappear from the plate as the amount of exposure increased

Isolation and characterization of multipotential mesenchymal cells from the mouse synovium.

The human synovium contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotential non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that can differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal lineages and they may therefore be a candidate cell source for tissue repair. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this can occur are still largely unknown. Mouse primary cell culture enables us to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying various phenomena because it allows for relatively easy gene manipulation, which is indispensable for the molecular analysis. However, mouse synovial mesenchymal cells (SMCs) have not been established, although rabbit, cow, and rat SMCs are available, in addition to human MSCs. The aim of this study was to establish methods to harvest the synovium and to isolate and culture primary SMCs from mice. As the mouse SMCs were not able to be harvested and isolated using the same protocol for human, rat and rabbit SMCs, the protocol for humans was modified for SMCs from the Balb/c mouse knee joint. The mouse SMCs obtained showed superior proliferative potential, growth kinetics and colony formation compared to cells derived from muscle and bone marrow. They expressed PDGFRá and Sca-1 detected by flow cytometry, and showed an osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic potential similar or superior to the cells derived from muscle and bone marrow by demonstrating in vitro osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis. In conclusion, we established a primary mouse synovial cell culture method. The cells derived from the mouse synovium demonstrated both the ability to proliferate and multipotentiality similar or superior to the cells derived from muscle and bone marrow

The expansion ability of mouse SMCs.

<p>(A): The survival rate of the cells. (B and C): The growth of the cells. (D): Crystal violet staining. (E): Quantification of the colony-forming ability. * and ** indicate p<0.05, and <0.01, respectively.</p

The epitopic properties of mouse SMCs.

<p>The flow cytometric analysis of mouse SMCs (blue bars), muscle–derived cells (red bars), and bone marrow derived cells (green bars). The values are the means and SD of the percent expression for each cell-surface protein. VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, PDGFRα: platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha.</p

Monoclonal antibody list.

<p>APC: allophycocyaninFITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate, PE: phycoerythrin.</p><p>VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.</p><p>PDGFRα: platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha.</p