43 research outputs found
Particle suspension reactors and materials for solar-driven water splitting
Reactors based on particle suspensions for the capture, conversion, storage, and use of solar energy as H_2 are projected to be cost-competitive with fossil fuels. In light of this, this review paper summarizes state-of-the-art particle light absorbers and cocatalysts as suspensions (photocatalysts) that demonstrate visible-light-driven water splitting on the laboratory scale. Also presented are reactor descriptions, theoretical considerations particular to particle suspension reactors, and efficiency and performance characterization metrics. Opportunities for targeted research, analysis, and development of reactor designs are highlighted
Electrochemical and Photochemical Cyclization and Cycloreversion of Diarylethenes and Diarylethene-Capped Sexithiophene Wires
Investigation on the Interactions between Various Drugs and Aojiru (Green Juice) Using a Simple Centrifugation Method
Selective Partial Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene to Butene on Pd(110):Â Specification of Reactant Adsorption States and Product Stability
Expressions of CXCL12, CXCL10 and CCL18 in Warthin tumors characterized pathologically by having a lymphoid stroma with germinal centers
The Warthin tumor is a benign neoplasm of
the salivary glands, histologically, the tumor has an
oncocytic epithelial component forming uniform rows of
cells surrounded by cystic spaces associated with a
lymphoid stroma often showing the presence of germinal
centers. The lymphoid stroma is a representative
microscopic finding. If this lymphocytic accumulation is
active, some sort of transmitter should exist between the
Warthin tumor cells and lymphocytes. C-X-C motif
chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12, CXCL10 and C-C motif
chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) are a chemoattractant for
lymphocytes in vivo. There is no report on the
relationship between these chemokines and Warthin
tumors. In this study, we investigated these chemokines
expressions in 20 Warthin tumors using
immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For comparison,
we also enrolled samples of pleomorphic adenoma,
which is another benign salivary gland tumor type
without prominent lymphocytic infiltration. All Warthin
tumors were immunopositive for CXCL12 and
CXCL10, and these reactivities were diffuse.
Meanwhile, the majority of pleomorphic adenomas were
immunonegative for CXCL12 (95%), CXCL10 (80%)
and CCL18 (85%). Warthin tumor and pleomorphic
adenoma cases were significantly different in these
immunostaining expressions (CXCL12, p<0.001;
CXCL10, p<0.001; CCL18, p=0.024). We examined
CXCL12, CXCL10 and CCL18 mRNA expressions of 3
representative Warthin tumor samples, each having these
chemokines immunopositive areas detected by RT-PCR.
Finding CXCL12 and CXCL10 expressions indicate that
these chemokines may play a part in the formation of a
lymphoid stroma within Warthin tumors. In regards to
this phenomenon, the participation of CCL18 might be
restrictive compared to CXCL12 and CXCL10
Physicochemical Interactions of Metformin Hydrochloride and Glibenclamide with Several Health Foods
Expressions of IL-8 and CXCL5 in uterine endometrioid carcinomas which have frequent neutrophil infiltration and comparison to colorectal adenocarcinoma
In endometrioid carcinomas (ECs) of the
uterine corpus, neutrophil accumulation within the
carcinoma cell clusters is a representative microscopic
finding. Because this accumulation is active, some sort
of transmitter ought to exist between the EC cells and
neutrophils. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and C-X-C motif
chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a cytokine that attracts
neutrophils in vivo. In this study, we investigated IL-8,
CXCL5 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2
(CXCR2) (their chemokine receptor) expressions in ECs
by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There are few
reports on the relationship between these chemokines
and ECs. For comparison, we enrolled samples of
colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC), it is another
representative tumor with neutrophil infiltration. We
analyzed 30 ECs and 30 CRACs. We confirmed IL-8
expression (H-score ≥50 points) in 40% of EC and 7%
of CRAC samples; CXCL5 expression in 7% of EC and
10% of CRAC samples; CXCR2 expression in 83% of
EC and 53% of CRAC samples by immunohistochemistry. We examined each mRNA (IL-8 and CXCL5)
expression of 3 representative EC and 3 CRAC samples.
Finding IL-8 expression might indicate that this cytokine
is important for the process of neutrophil accumulation,
particularly within ECs. The participation of CXCL5
regarding neutrophil accumulation within their
carcinoma cell clusters might be restrictive compared to
IL-8