中京大学体育学部生の食生活調査

Diet habits of physical education students were questionnaired. The subjects were four hunderd sixty-three male and 198 female students of the school of physical eduation in Chukyo University. The questionnare was consisted of the three principal parts : 1) eating habits, 2) diet profile, and 3) eating consciousness. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows : 1. For the half of the number of male students, the frequency of meals a day was less than three. 2. For both male and female students, the higher percentage of ones who did not often go without a meal in the morning than in the afternoon. The percentage of ones who did not often have breakfast and lunch were higher for males, however, the percentage of ones who did not sometimes or often have dinner was higher for females. 3. The percentage of ones who often eat out was higher for males than females. 4. The higher percentage of ones who often eat and drink after 9 p. m. was observed for males than females. 5. For both male and female students, almost half of the number often eat between meals. 6. The percentage of ones who often have rice and noodle was higher for males. The higher percetage of ones who often have bread and potatos was obtained for females. 7. For both male and female students, the higher percentage of ones who often have eggs and meats than those who often have beans and fishes. 8. The lower percentage of ones who often have milk and yogurt was observed for males. 9. For males, the percentage of ones who often have vegetables and fruits was lower than that for females. 10. The higher percentage of ones who often take carbonated drink, juice, coffee, and alcoholic drink was obtained for males. 11. The percentage of ones who often have precooked food was higher for males than females. These results suggest that the diet habits may be more well-balanced for females than that for males

Type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase negatively regulates fibroblast growth factor signaling by phosphorylating Raf-1 at serine 43 in rat chondrosarcoma cells

Although type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKGII) is a major downstream effector of cGMP in chondrocytes and attenuates the FGF receptor 3/ERK signaling pathway, its direct target proteins have not been fully explored. In the present study, we attempted to identify PKGII-targeted proteins, which are associated with the inhibition of FGF-induced MAPK activation. Although FGF2 stimulation induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, MEK1/2, and Raf-1 at Ser-338 in rat chondrosarcoma cells, pretreatment with a cell-permeable cGMP analog strongly inhibited their phosphorylation. On the other hand, Ser-43 of Raf-1 was phosphorylated by cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we examined the direct phosphorylation of Raf-1 by PKGII. Wild-type PKGII phosphorylated Raf-1 at Ser-43 in a cGMP-dependent manner, but a PKGII D412A/R415A mutant, which has a low affinity for cGMP, did not. Finally, we found that a phospho-mimic mutant, Raf-1 S43D, suppressed FGF2-induced MAPK pathway. These results suggest that PKGII counters FGF-induced MEK/ERK activation through the phosphorylation of Raf-1 at Ser-43 in chondrocytes

(1→3)-β-D-glucan in patients with pulmonary aspergilloma

To elucidate the role of (1→3)-β-D-glucan in pulmonary aspergilloma, serum concentrations of (1→3)-β-D-glucan were measured repeatedly for as long as 10 months in eight patients. In four patients with inactive disease, concentrations of (1→3)-β-D-glucan were in the normal range.The concentrations of (1→3)-β-D-glucan increased in two patients, although the disease was inactive. This increase might show the earliest stage of the invasive process of the disease. In two other patients with active disease, (1→3)-β-D-glucan increased. Other parameters, such as galactomannan, immunodiffusion and a radio-allergosorbent test, as well as inflammatory m arkers such as C-reactive protein and the leukocyte count, did not show any consistent tendency in regard to the activity of the disease. Thus, a (1→3)-β-D-glucan assay may add valuable data for evaluating the disease activity and understanding the disease process of pulmonary aspergilloma

DataSheet_1_Increased brain gyrification and cortical thinning in winter-born patients with schizophrenia spectrum.docx

IntroductionThe findings of epidemiological studies suggest that a relationship exists between the risk of schizophrenia and winter births in the Northern Hemisphere, which may affect the process of fetal neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether birth seasons are associated with the brain morphological characteristics of patients within the schizophrenia spectrum.MethodsThe present magnetic resonance imaging study using FreeSurfer software examined the effects of birth seasons (i.e., summer-born vs. winter-born) on the comprehensive brain surface characteristics of 101 patients with schizophrenia (48 summer- and 53 winter-born), 46 with schizotypal disorder (20 summer- and 26 winter-born), and 76 healthy control subjects (28 summer- and 48 winter-born).ResultsIn comparisons with summer-born patients, winter-born patients, particularly those with schizophrenia, showed significantly increased gyrification mainly in the left lateral occipital and inferior temporal regions and right fronto-parietal region as well as cortical thinning in the right superior frontal region. Birth seasons did not significantly affect the local gyrification index or cortical thickness in healthy controls.DiscussionThe present whole-brain surface-based analysis demonstrated that brain morphological characteristics reported in the schizophrenia spectrum were more pronounced in winter-born patients than in summer-born patients, suggesting the contribution of early neurodevelopmental factors associated with birth seasons to the pathophysiology of the schizophrenia spectrum.</p