Observation of the distortion around Ga lattice sites due to the residual hydrogen in GaN single crystal wafer

In RBS channeling experiments, the slight de-channeling phenomenon of Ga was observed from the depth of about 250 nm in depth behind the surface peak in un-annealed GaN single crystal wafers. In ERDA experiments using 1.8 MeV He^4+ beam, the hydrogen concentration (4.8 x 10^14 cm^-2) in un-annealed GaN was about the twice of that in 900 oC annealed one, suggesting that part of the residual hydrogen was out diffused by annealing. The existence of the minute displacement of Ga in un-annealed GaN was associated with the Ga displacement arising from the complex defect of the residual hydrogen and Ga. This phenomenon corresponds to the appreciable relaxation of Ga atoms toward H proposed by Myer et al. The slight de-channeling phenomena of the Ga atom observed in the RBS channeling experiment disappeared in association with the reduction of hydrogen due to out diffusion of hydrogen in the annealed wafer

Child Rearing Policies and Economic Growth

平成28年度 学生懸賞論文受賞作 優秀賞要

High-Throughput Cryopreservation of Plant Cell Cultures for Functional Genomics

Suspension-cultured cell lines from plant species are useful for genetic engineering. However, maintenance of these lines is laborious, involves routine subculturing and hampers wider use of transgenic lines, especially when many lines are required for a high-throughput functional genomics application. Cryopreservation of these lines may reduce the need for subculturing. Here, we established a simple protocol for cryopreservation of cell lines from five commonly used plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Daucus carota, Lotus japonicus, Nicotiana tabacum and Oryza sativa. The LSP solution (2 M glycerol, 0.4 M sucrose and 86.9 mM proline) protected cells from damage during freezing and was only mildly toxic to cells kept at room temperature for at least 2 h. More than 100 samples were processed for freezing simultaneously. Initially, we determined the conditions for cryopreservation using a programmable freezer; we then developed a modified simple protocol that did not require a programmable freezer. In the simple protocol, a thick expanded polystyrene (EPS) container containing the vials with the cell–LSP solution mixtures was kept at −30°C for 6 h to cool the cells slowly (pre-freezing); samples from the EPS containers were then plunged into liquid nitrogen before long-term storage. Transgenic Arabidopsis cells were subjected to cryopreservation, thawed and then re-grown in culture; transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that there was no significant difference in gene expression or metabolism between cryopreserved cells and control cells. The simplicity of the protocol will accelerate the pace of research in functional plant genomics

エイガ オンガク ニオケル ジェームズ ニュートン ハワード ノ サッキョク ギホウ

数多くの映画音楽を手がける作曲家ジェームズ・ニュートン・ハワード作品の中から、奇想天外なコメディ作品の中に、ロマンスや人と人との心のふれあいを描く心動かされる秀作、米国映画「デーヴ」の背景音楽に関する作曲技法を、映画1作品を通して、その作曲技法を和声的側面から分析、考察する。ペダル・トーン、オスティナート、旋法和声、ダイアトニック・モーション、遠隔調への転調など映画音楽で使用される代表的な基礎作曲技法がどのように使用されているかや、三度和声、四度堆積和音など近代和声が映像のキューや転調とどのように関わり、どのように構築されているかを分析する。今回はスペースの関係で一部分の背景音楽の分析のみ取り上げているが、和声的工夫による作曲技法が映画音楽作曲に大きな影響力を与えていることを明らかにしていく

The Role of Complete Suprapatellar Plicae

Shelf syndrome mainly affects younger people, often athletes. Cases of complete suprapatellar plica syndrome are rare. Arthroscopic inspection is necessary to diagnose complete suprapatellar plicae. The patients' symptoms improve after removal of the plicae. Our technique is an easy, completely arthroscopic procedure that has yielded good clinical outcomes in patients who have complete suprapatellar plicae. Although cases of complete suprapatellar plica syndrome are rare, it should be considered in patients with moderate knee pain