情報教育におけるモデリングの適用(1) : モデリング理論と大学の情報教育に関する提言

When a person Learns many things in a society, he/she cannot learn efficiently by only the immediate learning. Learning by observation of the model becomes important. It consists of four stages. The first is the attention stage at which a learner pays attention to conspicuous characteristics from many modeling stimuli. The second is the stage at which obserbed matters are kept in the memory. The third is the movement and reproduciton stage at which is memorized. The fourth is the stage of reinforcement and motivation toward learning. These stages are closely related to learning behaviours in classes. Therefore, classes should be planned so that a learner can take these four stages to the full. This paper states the importance of the modeling theory in the computer information education at the university level from different viewpoints and does research on what situation it can be applied to

学生の授業評価による授業改善への一考察

In 1991, the Ministry of Education enacted Standards for the Establishment of Universities in the form of a Ministry order. In accordance with Stndards, it should be that monitoring and evaluation should be primarily self-monitoring and self-evaluation by university itself. We have devoted sufficient attention to developing an approach towards the teaching of students for five years. We make a report on a betterment of lecturing by students\u27 evaluation, analyzing students\u27 evaluating for classroom lessons during the second semester in 1996. Therefore, we arrived at the conclusion that there is correlation between our teaching methods and students\u27 attidudes towards classroom lessons, but there is no correlation between contents of teaching and students\u27 attidudes. Diverse patterns of each department give us suggestions as to the stage of students\u27 understanding educational principles. It will be necessary for us to carry out a well-organized and systematic education aimed at the elevation of students\u27 motivation for learning and at enabling students to assimilate what has been taught

カンゴ ジッセン ノウリョク コウジョウ ノタメノ ガクシ カテイ ニオケル カンゴ キソ キョウイク ト ソノ ヒョウカ ホウホウ ノ コウチク ニ ムケテ ダイ 1 ホウ ヘイセイ 21 ～ 23 ネンド ソツギョウ ジ カンゴ ギジュツ トウタツ ド ノ ブンセキ

本看護学科では、看護学生の卒業時看護技術到達度の評価を平成21年度より継続してきた。平成23年度には大項目22項目・小項目119項目からなる調査票を見直し「学生の到達度の自己評価」と「臨地実習での経験」を把握できる評価尺度に改訂した。本研究は、平成21〜23年度までの3年間の大項目22項目における全体的評価を行うとともに、平成23年度調査における学生の到達度の自己評価と臨地実習での経験との関連について分析した。対象者は編入生を除く看護学科4年次生とし、全臨地実習終了後に調査を行った。結果、看護技術到達度の平均値は【活動・休息援助技術】(88.1%)が最も高く、【呼吸・循環を整える技術】(31.4%)が最も低かった。また、臨地実習の経験が少ない項目の到達度が低い傾向にあった。本結果より【呼吸・循環を整える技術】等に関する本学科の教育の現状把握による課題の明確化と、実習環境の調整、シミュレータ等の活用方法の検討の必要性が示唆された

カンゴ ジッセン ノウリョク コウジョウ ノタメノ ガクシ カテイ ニオケル カンゴ キソ キョウイク ト ソノ ヒョウカ ホウホウ ノ コウチク ニ ムケテ ダイ 2 ホウ コキュウ ヲ トトノエル ギジュツ ニオケル カンゴ キョウイク ノ ゲンジョウ ト コンゴ ノ カダイ

多様化する国民のニーズや高度先端医療などに対応でき、安全・安心な医療を提供できる看護師の要請が求められている。我々は、本学学士課程における看護実践能力向上のための看護基礎教育とその評価方法の構築に向けて、現在の教授-学修方法の明確化が必要であると考え、本学科学生の教育課題である「呼吸を整える技術」に焦点を当て、呼吸に関わる授業状況の調査を専任教員へ実施した。本調査結果より、教員は呼吸に関する教育内容ごとに学習成果を明確に提示した上で教授の強化を図っていることが明らかとなった。今後の優先課題として、実際に患者を看る機会が少ない現状やその学習環境の制約を補うシミュレーション教育の新規導入を加味し、卒業時および領域別の看護技術到達目標とその到達度の再設定が必要であることが示唆された

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

八線とは何か。

この発表で、江戸時代における三角関数の研究の一端を紹介したいと考えます。In this presentation, I would like to explain something of the study of trigonometry in the Edo period