Secondary infertility due to intrauterine fetal bone retention: A case report and review of the literature

Background: Intrauterine retention of fetal bone fragments is a rare condition that could happen after abortion (especially illegal abortion). It can cause secondary infertility as bon fragments can work as an intrauterine contraceptive device. Case: A 25-year-old Iranian woman was referred to Shariati Hospital due to infertility. During infertility work up to normal semen analysis, adequate ovarian reserve with regular ovulatory cycles was documented. An ultrasound scan revealed focal echogenic shadowing lesions inside the uterine cavity. Hysteroscopy was conducted and many intrauterine bone fragments were revealed. Six months after hysteroscopic removal of fetal bones, the patient became pregnant and delivered a healthy and term baby. Conclusion: Intrauterine fetal bone retention is a scarce event that happens after pregnancy termination due to the incomplete evacuation of fetal tissues. It can cause dysfunctional uterine bleeding, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, and secondary infertility. The detection of the problem and the removal of the remained bones by hysteroscopy have made possible to treat the patient safely and restore normal uterine function and female fertility

Assessment of indigenous plants for live pole applications in slope stability of Malaysia

Woody vegetations or live poles are using to reinforce the slope of residual tropical soil at different tropical sites to improve stability of slopes as they provide an immediate shear strength enhancement and modify the saturated soil water regime (mechanical and hydrological effects). This study initially describes the requirement for suitable live poles in tropical regions utilizing indigenous woody species and potential candidates. Then, the growths of eleven different indigenous plants (exhumation and examination) were monitored in different times. The effects of different fertilizers and soil suction were carried out and examined in two selected plants from the first step as well. The results showed that two live poles each of Hibiscus tiliaceus (Ht) and Dillenia suffruticosa (Ds) met the requirements for field test trials