2,183 research outputs found
Design comparison of experimental storm water detention systems treating concentrated road runoff
The aim was to assess the treatment efficiencies of experimental storm water detention (extended
storage) systems based on the Atlantis Water Management Limited detention cells receiving concentrated
runoff that has been primary treated by filtration with different inert aggregates. Randomly collected gully
pot liquor was used in stead of road runoff. To test for a 'worst case scenario', the experimental system
received higher volumes and pollutant concentrations in comparison to real detention systems under real
(frequently longer but diluted) runoff events. Gravel (6 and 20 mm), sand (1.5 mm), Ecosoil (inert 2 mm
aggregate provided by Atlantis Water Management Limited), block paving and turf were tested in terms of
their influence on the water quality. Concentrations of five-day @ 20� C ATU biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) in contrast to suspended solids (SS) were frequently reduced to below international secondary
wastewater treatment standards. The denitrification process was not completed. This resulted in higher
outflow than inflow nitrate-nitrogen concentrations. An analysis of variance indicated that some systems
were similar in terms of most of their treatment performance variables including BOD and SS. It follows that
there is no advantage in using additional aggregates with high adsorption capacities in the primary treatment
stage
Carrier’s liability in air transport with particular reference to Iran
The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the hypothesis that although
Islamic law has its independent principles of liability, Islamic States can
adopt international air carrier’s liability in international flights and allow
the two systems to coexist in domestic flights In so doing, the work focuses
mainly on the legal system of Iran.To verify the hypothesis, the author
provides five chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the prevailing legal systems that
are the common law and civil law that have affected the Warsaw system. A close
study of the principles underlying legal liability in these two systems would in
turn be very useful in gaining a better understanding of air carrier’s liability
in private international law.Chapter 3 investigates the legal liability
under the Shariah and Iranian law. The most important issue is the determination
of liability limits for death and bodily injury, which is in contradiction with
the limited liability and unlimited liability for death and bodily injury in the
Warsaw-Hague regime. Chapter 4 deals with the general principles of
liability that govern air carrier’s liability in international instruments.
There, the author analyses these principles and compares them with the Shariah
principles. The Chapter 4 argues and demonstrates that the principles of air
carrier’s liability in international treaties are dynamic that continuously
evolves. Therefore, States with diverse legal systems can adapt themselves to
the principles of the international system. Chapter 5 concludes by
highlighting that the Shariah is indeed consistent and able to co-exist with the
liability principles of the Warsaw-Montreal regime
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Exceptional Points of Degeneracy Induced by Linear Time-Periodic Variation
We present a general theory of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in periodically time-variant systems. We show that even a single resonator with a time-periodic component is able to develop EPDs, contrary to parity-time- (PT) symmetric systems that require two coupled resonators. An EPD is a special point in a system parameter space at which two or more eigenmodes coalesce in both their eigenvalues and eigenvectors into a single degenerate eigenmode. We demonstrate the conditions for EPDs to exist when they are directly induced by time-periodic variation of a system without loss and gain elements. We also show that a single resonator system with zero time-average loss-gain exhibits EPDs with purely real resonance frequencies, yet the resonator energy grows algebraically in time since energy is injected into the system from the time-variation mechanism. Although the introduced concept and formalism are general for any time-periodic system, here, we focus on the occurrence of EPDs in a single LC resonator with time-periodic modulation. These findings have significant importance in various electromagnetic and photonic systems and pave the way for many applications, such as sensors, amplifiers, and modulators. We show a potential application of this time-varying EPD as a highly sensitive sensor
Development of minimal basic data set to report COVID-19
Background: Effective surveillance of COVID-19 highlights the importance of rapid, valid, and standardized information to crisis monitoring and prompts clinical interventions. Minimal basic data set (MBDS) is a set of metrics to be collated in a standard approach to allow aggregated use of data for clinical purposes and research. Data standardization enables accurate comparability of collected data, and accordingly, enhanced generalization of findings. The aim of this study is to establish a core set of data to characterize COVID-19 to consolidate clinical practice. Methods: A 3-step sequential approach was used in this study: (1) an elementary list of data were collected from the existing information systems and data sets; (2) a systematic literature review was conducted to extract evidence supporting the development of MBDS; and (3) a 2-round Delphi survey was done for reaching consensus on data elements to include in COVID-19 MBDS and for its robust validation. Results: In total, 643 studies were identified, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria, where a total of 149 items were identified in the data sources. The data elements were classified by 3 experts and validated via a 2-round Delphi procedure. Finally, 125 data elements were confirmed as the MBDS. Conclusion: The development of COVID-19 MBDS could provide a basis for meaningful evaluations, reporting, and benchmarking COVID-19 disease across regions and countries. It could also provide scientific collaboration for care providers in the field, which may lead to improved quality of documentation, clinical care, and research outcomes
A comparative study of alive and dead eleutheroembryo of Beluga (Huso huso) shape (5DPH) using geometric morphometric method
High mortality of beluga prelarvae (Huso huso) occurs in hatcheries and this appears to be linked to various abnormalities. Hence, this study was conducted to compare the body shape of alive and dead beluga prelarvae (5DPH) and to find the patterns of deformities among losses using geometric morphometric method. This method was applied to extract shape data as landmark’s Cartesian coordinates. Specimens were photographed using digital camera and the landmarks put on two-dimensional images using tpsDig2. Landmark data after GPA (Generalized Procrustes Analysis) analyzed using PCA and DFA. Results showed significant differences between alive and dead prelarvae shapes. In addition, various pattern of deformities found in the operculum, yolk sac and caudal peduncle parts. Future studies are suggested on larvae and juvenile stage
Detection of Drug Resistance Gene in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by PCR in Some Endemic Areas of Iran
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a health problem in many rural and urban regions of Iran and drug resistance has emerged as a major impediment in the treatment of leishmaniasis. This study aims to determine the drug resistance gene in cutaneous leishmaniasis by PCR in some endemic areas of Iran. Methods: Ninety seven samples were collected from ulcers of leishmaniasis patients from some endemic areas of Iran. The Giemsa stained samples were examined microscopically and cultured in NNN and RPMI 1640 mediums for parasite detection. After DNA extraction, PCR was done by a pair of specific primers. For detection of mutation in DNA, first PCR products were electrophoresed on CSGE gel. The suspected samples were compared by sequencing and RFLP results were demonstrated. Comparison of DNA derived from a wild type cell and mutant cell was undertaken by CSGE and sequencing methods. Results: Among 90 isolates (92.8) examined for detection of mutation in gene with CSGE and RFLP, 10 (11.1) revealed a disorder in sequencing selection for unresponsive to drug. Conclusion: Drug resistance in cutaneous leishmaniasis to sodium stiboglocanat is probably due to a mutation in a genome. A field study is needed to determine the distribution of drug resistance and other gene mutations involved in unresponsiveness to drugs in leishmaniasis endemic areas of Iran. © Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
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