Nükleik Asit Bazları İçeren Kriyojellerin Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Biyokromatografide Adsorbent Olarak Kullanımı

In this study, development of adenine and guanine incorporated cryogels costly effective high capacity purification of large biomolecule RNA having many important roles as encoding, decoding, transcription and translation, and gene expression and additively determination of purification performance of this adsorbent(s) was aimed. Adenine and guanine incorporated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-adenine) [poly(HEMA-MAD)] and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-guanine) [poly(HEMA-MAG)] cryogels were used. Poly(HEMA-MAD) and poly(HEMA-MAG) cryogels are obtained in a partially frozen aqueous medium by copolymerization of monomers MAD and MAG with HEMA. Cryogels were characterized via FTIR,SEM, BET method, TGA, and swelling test methods. Swelling ratios of poly(HEMA-MAD),and poly(HEMA-MAG) cryogels used were found as 510% and 496%, and Maximum RNA adsorption capacities of poly(HEMA-MAD) and poly(HEMA-MAG) cryogels were found as 11.86 and 11.94 mg g, respectively.Bu tez çalışmasında kodlama, kod çözme, düzenleme ve gen ifadesinde çok önemli role sahip olan RNA nın yüksek kapasite ve düşük maliyetle saflaştırılabilmesi için adenin ve guanin takılı kriyojellerin geliştirilmesi ve bu adsorbanın RNA saflaştırma performansının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Adsorban olarak adenin ve guanin içeren poli(2-hidroksietil metakrilat-N-metakriloil-adenin) [poli(HEMA-MAD)] ve poli(2-hidroksietil metakrilat-N-metakriloil-guanin) [poli(HEMA-MAG)] kriyojeller kullanılmıştır. Poli(HEMA-MAD) ve poli(HEMA-MAG) kriyojeller yarı donmuş çözelti ortamında, HEMA ile MAD MAG monomerlerin kopolimerizasyonu ile üretilmiştir. Kriyojeller FTIR,SEM, BET yöntemi,TGA ve şişme testi yöntemleri ile karakterize edilmiştir.Kullanılan poli(HEMA-MAD) ve poli(HEMA-MAG) kriyojellerin şişme oranları sırasıyla %496 ve %510 olarak bulunmuştur.Poli(HEMA-MAD) ve poli(HEMA-MAG)kriyojellerin maksimum RNA adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sırasıyla 11.86 ve 11.94 mg g olarak bulunmuştur

Molecularly imprinted polymers in toxicology: a literature survey for the last 5 years

The science of toxicology dates back almost to the beginning of human history. Toxic chemicals, which are encountered in different forms, are always among the chemicals that should be investigated in criminal field, environmental application, pharmaceutic, and even industry, where many researches have been carried out studies for years. Almost all of not only drugs but also industrial dyes have toxic side and direct effects. Environmental micropollutants accumulate in the tissues of all living things, especially plants, and show short- or long-term toxic symptoms. Chemicals in forensic science can be known by detecting the effect they cause to the body with the similar mechanism. It is clear that the best tracking tool among analysis methods is molecularly printed polymer-based analytical setups. Different polymeric combinations of molecularly imprinted polymers allow further study on detection or extraction using chromatographic and spectroscopic instruments. In particular, methods used in forensic medicine can detect trace amounts of poison or biological residues on the scene. Molecularly imprinted polymers are still in their infancy and have many variables that need to be developed. In this review, we summarized how molecular imprinted polymers and toxicology intersect and what has been done about molecular imprinted polymers in toxicology by looking at the studies conducted in the last 5 years

Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety and HealthRelated Quality of Life in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Infection

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B patients may experience many psychological and emotional symptoms. In our study, it was aimed to compare the anxiety, depression and quality of life scores of chronic hepatitis B patients and inactive HBV carriers and to examine the necessity of psychiatric evaluation and follow-up during the treatment of people with HBV infection. Materials and Methods: Patients followed up due to hepatitis B infection and a similar number of healthy individuals (total= 178 individuals) were included in the study. Sociodemographic information form, “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale”, “Short Form-36” and “Liver Disease Symptom Index 2.0” were filled in for all subjects included in the study. Results: In terms of normal and abnormal anxiety scores, there was a difference between the three groups according to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p< 0.001). Physical function (p< 0.001), emotional role difficulty (p= 0.006), vitality (p= 0.003), mental health (p= 0.001) and general health (p< 0.001) scores was significantly lower in the chronic hepatitis B group compared to other groups. In carriers, according to the Liver Disease Symptom Index 2.0, all items except anxiety, depression and memory problems in the family were found below 50%. In the chronic hepatitis B group, except for jaundice, personality change, inadequacy in financial affairs, involuntary movements, change in time use and decrease in sexual interest, other items were found to be over 50%. Conclusion: Informing patients about the disease process continuously will reduce their anxiety and contribute to their adherence to treatment. Evaluation of the effects of chronic liver disease on quality of life will help us in better management of the disease

Nicotinamide-Modified poly(HEMA-GMA)-Nic Cryogels for Removal of Pesticides

Chlordane is only one of the persistent pesticides used in some countries despite the ban. Removal of chlordane, a severe threat to all living things, was performed using nicotinamide-modified poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate), poly(HEMA-GMA)-Nic, polymeric cryogels in this study. Pesticides are practically insoluble in water. For that reason, ethanol is used as a solvent which is not chemically dangerous and easily accessible in every laboratory. As an adsorbent, poly (HEMA-GMA) polymeric cryogels previously synthesized in the literature have been modified using nicotinamide. The modification of poly(HEMA-GMA) with nicotinamide is the first in the literature. Removal of chlordane in alcohol medium has been accomplished exploiting the alcoho-phobic interaction, which was the first indication in our previous study. Structural analysis of poly(HEMA-GMA)-Nic was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the surface morphology of cryogels. Surface area and cavity volume calculations were determined by applying N2 adsorption method and swelling test. The interaction time and maximum adsorption capacity were identified as 5 minutes and 64.61 mg chlordane/g cryogel for 300 mg/L chlordane concentration and 108.818 mg chlordane/g cryogel for 800 mg/L chlordane concentration during the adsorption experiments. Cyclohexane, toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, and acetonitrile were used as solvent to observe the solvent effect on adsorption of chlordane onto the polymeric material. As expected, the removal of chlordane was performed with the highest adsorption performance in cyclohexane with the lowest dielectric constant

Comparison of human metapneumovirus findings with other respiratory tract viruses in children with bronchiolitis

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Akut bronşiolit, viral etkenlerle oluşan ve çocuklarda sık görülen bir alt solunum yolu hastalığıdır. Bölgemizde akut bronşiolit tanısı alan çocuklarda viral etkenlerin ve özellikle Human Metapnömovirüs sıklığının belirlenmesi, olguların klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik bulgularının irdelenmesi amaçlandı. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Kasım 2006 ile Mayıs 2007 tarihleri arasında Çocuk Acil Polikliniğinde akut bronşiolit tanısı alan, bir ay ile iki yaş arasında 73 çocuk hastada Respiratuvar Sinsityal Virüs, Parainfluenza Virüs, Adenovirüs ve Human Metapnömovirus sıklığı araştırıldı. Olguların klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik bulguları irdelendi. BULGULAR: Akut bronşiolit tanısı alan hastalarda Human Metapnömovirüs sıklığı %5,4, Respiratuvar Sinsityal Virüs sıklığı %75, Parainfluenza Virüs sıklığı %5,4 ve Adenovirüs sıklığı %6,8 olarak bulundu. Bir olguda Respiratuvar Sinsityal Virüs ve Human Metapnömovirüs birlikte idi. Human Metapnömovirüs pozitifliği saptanan olguların klinik ve radyolojik bulguları diğer viral bronşiolit etkenleri ile benzer şekilde idi. Olguların %16,4’ünde herhangi bir etken saptanmadı. Virüs pozitifliği saptanan olguların %67’si ile Respiratuvar Sinsityal Virüs pozitifliği olan hastaların %67’si antibiyotik tedavisi aldı. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Human Metapnömovirüs’ün klinik ve radyolojik bulguları diğer viral bronşiolit etkenleri ile benzerdir. Akut bronşiolit tanısı olan hastaların %83,5’inde etyolojide en az bir viral etken gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle hastalarda gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının önlenmesi antibiyotik direnci gelişimi ve hastane masraflarını azaltacaktır.INTRODUCTION: Acute bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract disease, often seen in children caused by viral agents. The aim of this study is to determine viral agents in particular the prevalence of Human Metapneumovirus in children diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis in our region and to evaluate clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of these patients. METHODS: The prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza Virus, Adenovirus and Human Metapneumovirus were investigated in 73 children at one month-two-years of age diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis in pediatric emergency clinic between November 2006 and May 2007. Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of these patients were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of Human Metapneumovirus 5,4%, Respiratory Syncytial Virus 75%, Parainfluenza Virus 5.4% and Adenovirus 6.8% were determined in patients diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis. Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus were found together in only one patient. Clinical and radiological findings of patients with Human Metapneumovirus positivity were similar to patients with other viral agents of bronchiolitis. Any viral agent was not detected in 16,4% of patients. 67% of patients with virus positive and also 67% of patients with Respiratory Syncytial Virus positive were treated with antibiotics. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: Clinical and radiological findings of Human Metapneumovirus are similar to other viral agents of bronchiolitis. At least one viral agent was detected in the etiology of disease in 83,5% of patients diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis. However, antibiotic treatment took place in the majority of the patients. Therefore, preventing the unnecessary use of antibiotics in these patients will reduce the development of antibiotic resistance and hospital costs

ÇİVRİL GÖLÜ YÜZEY SUYU KALİTESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Bu çalışmada; Çivril Gölü’nün fizikokimyasal parametreleri 2004-2005 yılları arasında aylık olarak ölçülmüştür. Ölçümler, Çivril Gölü’nü en iyi temsil edecek şekilde seçilen dört istasyonda yapılmıştır. Elde edilen yıllık oratalama fizikokimyasal parametre verileri istasyonlar arasında istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmış, faktör analizi ile değişkenler sınıflandırılmıştır. Bütün istasyonlarda yıl boyu göl suyunun berrak ve kokusuz, tuzluluğun %0.0, hidroksilin ise 0 mg/L olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Faktör analizi sonucuna göre tüm istasyonlarda veri kümesinde toplam varyansın % 100’ünü açıklayan üç potansiyel faktör belirlenmiştir. İlk faktör toplam varyansın % 58.98’ini, ikinci faktör % 21.51’ini üçüncü faktör ise % 19.50’sini açıklamıştır. Bu çalışma; Çivril Gölü’nün bazı istasyonlarında özellikle yaz aylarında organik kirliliğin oldukça arttığını ve çözünmüş oksijen miktarının da özellikle 1. istasyonda sucul canlılar için kritik dereceye kadar azaldığını göstermiştir