Solubility of root canal sealers with different organic solvents

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the solubility of the new root canal sealer Epiphany and to compare it with 2 conventional sealers against 2 organic solvents commonly used in retreatment

İki farklı endodontik cetvelin (endoblok) cetvel ve kalibrasyon deliklerinin ölçüm doğruluklarının incelenmesi

Amaç: Endoblok, endodonti pratiğinde çalışma boyunun tespiti ve sürdürülmesinde yararlanılan odontometrik bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada biri yerli üretim olmak üzere 2 farklı endobloğun milimetrik olarak doğruluğunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mini-Endo-Bloc (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, İsviçre) ve Resident (Kibar Dental, İstanbul, Türkiye) marka endobloklardan üçer adet alındı. Bu endoblokların cetvelleri üzerinde bulunan milimetre çizgileri (12-30 arası), doğrudan 0.01 mm hassasiyetinde bir elektronik kumpas ile ölçüldü. Eğe boyu kalibrasyon deliklerinin derinlikleri (12.0-27.5 arası) ise, lastik stoperli #40 bir eğeye transfer edilerek yine aynı kumpas ile ölçüldü. Her bir paralel beş kez ölçüldü. Her bir endoblok markasının ölçüm kalitesinin incelenmesi için istatistiksel kontrol sınırları ile spesifikasyon sınırları karşılaştırıldı. Spesifikasyon sınırları ürün üzerinde belirtilen referans değerler dikkate alınarak 3 standart sapma (sigma) genişliğinde hesaplandı. Kontrol sınırları ise, ürünün test edilmesi sırasında elde edilen ölçümlerden hesaplandı. Kontrol sınırlarının spesifikasyon sınırlarını aşması durumu hata olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Mini-Endo-Bloc’un cetvelinde ve kalibrasyon deliklerinde hata görülmedi. Resident’in ise 23, 25-30 mm cetvel çizgilerinde (referans değerinin üstünde ölçümler) ve 15.0, 18.0, 18.5 ve 19.0 numaralı deliklerinde (referans değerinin altında ölçümler) istenen spesifikasyonların karşılanmadığı görüldü. Sonuç: Mini-Endo-Bloc, cetvel ve delik ölçümlerinde istenilen kalite standardını tamamen karşıladı. Resident istenilen kalite standardını karşılamadı

Comparison of the smear layer- and debris-removal abilities and the effects on dentinal microhardness of 5% and 17% EDTA solutions used as final irrigants: in vitro study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects on dentinal microhardness, and the smear layer- and debris-removal properties, of 5% and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions when used as final irrigants. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Seventy extracted single-root human mandibular premolars were endodontically instrumented and distributed into 4 groups, according to the final irrigant: G1: 17% EDTA + 2.6% NaOCl (applied for 3 min and 1 min, respectively), G2: 5% EDTA + 2.6% NaOCl, G3 (control): saline + 2.6% NaOCl, and G4 (control): saline. Teeth from G1–G3 were split longitudinally, and scanning electron micrographs were obtained at 2 and 6 mm from the apex for smear layer and debris analyses. Teeth in all groups were sectioned horizontally, and Vickers microhardness values were measured at 500, 1000, and 1500 µm from the canal lumen. Data were statistically analyzed at the p<0.05 level. RESULTS: Smear layer scores were significantly greater at the 2-mm vs the 6-mm level in both EDTA groups, with no significant difference between EDTA groups at either level. Significantly less smear layer was found in the 17% EDTA group compared to the control at the 2-mm level. A statistically significant difference in microhardness among groups was found only at the 1500-µm level, with the 17% EDTA group exhibiting the lowest microhardness values. CONCLUSION: The 5% and 17% EDTA solutions were equally effective at removing the smear layer and debris from instrumented root canal surfaces. However, the 5% EDTA solution did not decrease the microhardness of dentin like 17% EDTA

Predictive Model of Intraoperative Pain during Endodontic Treatment: Prospective Observational Clinical Study

Introduction: This observational study sought to assess the incidence of intraoperative pain (10P) among patients receiving endodontic treatment and to construct a model for predicting the probability of 10P. Methods: All patients attending the endodontic training clinic at Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, during the spring term of 2014 were examined (N = 2785 patients; observation completed in 1435 patients; male: 628, female: 807; mean age: 39 years; 1655 teeth total). Demographic and clinical variables were recorded for patients requiring primary endodontic treatment. Local anesthesia was administered and routine endodontic treatment commenced. After the working length was established, each patient was asked to report any pain according to a visual analog scale. Supplementary local infiltration anesthesia was administered if necessary. If pain continued despite supplementary anesthesia, then the pain score was immediately assessed. A visual analog scale score corresponding to more than mild pain indicated 10P. A predictive model was constructed with multiple logistic regression analysis from the data of 85% of cases, with the remaining 15% of cases being used to test the external validity of the model. Results: The incidence of 1013 was 6.1% (101/1655 cases). One tooth from each patient was randomly selected, with 1435 teeth being retained for further analysis. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed with the variables age, tooth type, arc, pulpal diagnosis, pain present within the previous 24 hours, and anesthetic solution (P <.05). Good fits were obtained for the final model and external control, with a correct classification rate (efficiency) of 0.78, sensitivity (true positive rate) of 0.63, and specificity (true negative rate) of 0.79 for the external control. Conclusions: A successful predictive model of 10P was constructed with demographic and clinical variables

Predicting intraoperative pain in emergency endodontic patients: clinical study

This prospective observational study sought to investigate the incidence of intraoperative pain (IOP) among emergency endodontic patients and to construct an IOP prediction model that includes preoperative pain level (PPL). All patients who underwent emergency endodontic treatment at Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, during the spring term of 2016 were considered for inclusion in the study. Demographic and clinical variables and PPL were recorded. Local anesthesia was provided to all patients before beginning routine endodontic treatment. IOP was defined as the condition of requiring supplementary anesthesia before the working length was established and exhibiting persistent moderate or severe pain despite supplementary anesthesia. Data from 85% and 15% of 435 patients (178 men, 257 women; mean age: 35 years) were used to develop predictive models by multiple logistic regression analysis and to test external validity of the models, respectively. Two multiple logistic regression models achieved good model fits. Model 1 included age, pulpal diagnosis, and arc (p < 0.05). In addition to these variables, Model 2 included periapical diagnosis and PPL (p < 0.15). Models 1 and 2 showed accuracies of 0.76 and 0.75, sensitivities of 0.74 and 0.77, and specificities of 0.76 and 0.74, respectively for the modeling data (internal validity), and accuracies of 0.82 and 0.80, sensitivities of 0.83 and 0.67, and specificities of 0.81 and 0.81, respectively for the control data (external validity). The IOP incidence was 10.3%. IOP in patients undergoing emergency endodontic treatment can be successfully predicted by using models that account for demographic and clinical variables, including PPL