Bioactive Compound from Extract Filtrat Streptomyces sp.Sp1. as Biocontrol of Vibriosis on Larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimps

  Production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp was limited by vibriosis disease. Streptomyces can be used as an alternative control of vibriosis which is caused by Vibrio anguillarum. Aplication of Streptomyces sp.1 culture could give significant different impacts (p<0.05) on the percentage of survival (SR) of shrimp larvae that had been infected by V. anguillarum compared to the control. This study was conducted to identify and determine bioactive compound of Streptomyces sp.1. The presence of bioactive compound was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Identification of Streptomyces sp.1 by 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing method. Streptomyces sp.1 was identified to be Streptomyces sp.Sp1. There were 35 chemical compounds identified, the chemical compounds which have antimicrobial properties identified in the n butanol extract of Streptomyces sp.Sp1 are 3-Hexanone, 2-methyl (43%), n Butyl ether (19%) Nonane (CAS) n-Nonane (5.6%), Decane (CAS) n-Decane (3.2%), Hexacosane (CAS) n-Hexacosane (1.9%), Tetracontane (1.3%), Heneicosane (1.9%), Hexadeconoic acid, methyl ester (0.3%), Butane,1,1-dibutoxy (0.3%), and Limonene (0.3%). Benzeneacetic acid, 3-methoxy-.alpha.,4-bis[(tri (0.3%). These results suggested that Streptomyces sp.Sp1 had good general antimicroba activity and might have potential biocontrol antagonist Vibrio anguillarum

PENGARUH SINAR ULTRAVIOLET TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) PENYEBAB PENYAKIT DIARE

. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh sinar ultraviolet terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Enterotoxigenic E.coli  (ETEC). Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui jarak, lama penyinaran, persentase kematian dan pengaruh sinar ultraviolet yang dapat mematikan bakteri ETEC. Metode penanaman dan penghitungan total koloni bakteri yang digunakan adalah plating method. Selanjutnya dilakukan pewarnaan gram untuk melihat bentuk sel bakteri uji.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, persentase kematian bakteri ETEC tertinggi yaitu pada jarak 15 cm dengan lama penyinaran 15 menit.dengan intensitas 40 lux, sebesar 91,36%. Sedangkan pada jarak 30 cm dengan lama penyinaran 5 menit dan intensitas 19 lux, hanya berhasil membunuh bakteri sebesar 19,52%. Sel bakteri ETEC yang telah diberi penyinaran, bentuk sel bakteri ETEC mengalami perubahan menjadi elips, ada yang mengalami lysis dan susunan rantai terputus. Kata Kunci : Ultraviolet, jarak, lama penyinaran, Enterotoxigenic E.coli  (ETEC).

Elucidation and Inhibition of Sembung Delan (Sphaeranthus indicus L.) Leaf Extract against BalineseLontar Destructive Fungi

generation to generation. The presence of fungal activity can damage the lontarbali in storage. Efforts to control fungus on lontarbali need to be done. One of them is by utilizing natural ingredients from plants. Preliminary research obtained 7 types of fungi isolated from 6 different locations in the province of Bali, namely Penicilliumrestricum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucorracemosus, Candida krusei, Aspergillus niger, Fusariumsp. and Rhodoterolamucilaginosa. This study aims to determine the class of compounds contained in the extract of SembungDelan leaf (Sphaeranthus indicus L.) and its inhibition on 7 types of fungi that have been isolated from lontar Bali. In vitro testing of the inhibition of the SembungDelanleaf extract on each fungal isolated on lontarbali was carried out by the diffusion well method. The compound group contained in the leaf extract of SembungDelan was known through phytochemical tests. The results showed that all types of fungi isolated in Balinese palm oil were able to be inhibited by crude extracts of Sembungdelan leaves with different barriers. Phytochemical tests are known that the sembungdelan leaves contain alkaloid, terpenoids, phenolic, saponin, flavonoid and tannin compound

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FILTRAT Streptomyces sp. KCM2 TERHADAP MULTIDRUG RESISTANT Acinetobacter baumannii SECARA IN VITRO

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the pathogen which leads to multidrug resistant (MDR-A baumannii). This pathogen is often causing outbreaks of infections to the patients which are receiving treatment in the intensive care unit in hospital. This study aims to find out the antibacterial activity and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Streptomyces sp. KCM2 filtrate in inhibiting the growth of MDR-A baumannii. Streptomyces sp. KCM2 isolates was isolated in rhizosphere of white turmeric (Curcuma mango Val.) (Losiani et al., 2016). MDRA. baumannii isolates were obtained from stock culture in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar. The antibacterial and the MIC test of Streptomyces sp. KCM2 filtrate was using the wells diffusion method. The research design was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the inhibitory zone diameter data of MIC test were analyzed by Analysis of Varian (ANOVA), and then continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test in significance level 5%. The results of this study showed that the Streptomyces sp. KCM2 filtrate was able inhi biting with diameter zone of 23,44 mm and MIC of filtrate was 4% (v/v) with inhibition zone diameter of 8.77 mm

RED MOLD RICE (ANGKAK) SEBAGAI MAKANAN TERFERMENTASI DARI CHINA: SUATU KAJIAN PUSTAKA

Fermented food was produced in both traditional and modern techniques, to increase fungtional value and taste.  One example is Red Mold Rice (RMR) or Angkak, which is famous fermented rice from China. RMR was made from rice, red fungi Monascus purpureus and Monacolin as metabolit seconder, which believe can reduce Cholesterol dan trigelseride. Oral treatment with Cholestyn (1,2 g/d) can reduce LDL (bad cholesterol) up to 30,9% and triglesirida up to 34,1%, and can also increase HDL (good cholesterol) by 19,9%. Beside Monacolin, RMR also contains Cytrinin (0,2-122 mg/kg) which has a negative impact on functional and structural of human kidney and liver.</p

The effect of growth pH on growth and survival of Sinorhizobium medicae WSM 419 in acid soils

The present research project was undertaken to study whether S. medicae WSM 419 can induce an acid tolerance response during growth at mild acid stress. Secondly, the effect of growth pH on the survival of S. medicae WSM 419 in acid soils and acid peat was assessed together with the effect of acid peat inocula on the survival of WSM 419 in acid soils. The acid tolerance response was inducible in S. medicae WSM 419. Cells of WSM 419 grown in Tryptone Yeast broth at an acid pH (pH 5.8) were more tolerant to an acid shock in culture at pH 4.0, pH 4.5, pH 5.0, pH 5.5 and pH 5.7 than cells grown in the same medium at neutral pH (pH 7.0). Strain WSM 419 grown at pH 5.8 and exposed to an acid pH at 5.5 and pH 5.7 grew, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 died. WSM 419 grown at pH 5.8 died slowly when exposed to acid pH at pH 4.0, pH 4.5 and pH 5.0, while those grown at pH 7.0 rapidly died. The rate of cell death was influenced by the pH in which the cells had been grown. Decimal reduction time (D value) of WSM 419 grown at pH 5.8 (Mean Generation Time 5.7 h) and exposed to pH 4.0 was 94 min, whereas for cells grown at pH 7.0 (MGT 2.56 h) the D value was 52 min. When WSM 419, grown at pH 7.0 and pH 5.8, was inoculated into soils at pH 4.50 (Badgingarra), pH 5.30 (Lancelin) and pH 5.52 (Bodallin) the largest populations developed in the soil at pH 5.52. The pH of the growth medium of WSM 419 affected the population recoverable from acid soils. Inoculum cultures grown at pH 5.8 developed larger populations when added to soils at pH 4.50, pH 5.30 and pH 5.52 after 28 days than inoculum cultures grown at pH 7.0. The pH of the growth medium of inoculum cultures of WSM 419 affected the level of population that developed in acid peats. Inoculum cultures grown in acidic TY broth at pH 5.8 developed larger populations after 28 days in a range of acid peats at pH 4.5, pH 5.0, pH 5.5 and pH 6.0 than cultures grown at pH 7.0.The pH of the peat did not affect the increase in rhizobial population. These results indicated that it may be possible to manipulate the growth of inoculum cultures of rhizobia to enhance their growth in acid peat. In a glasshouse experiment, inoculum cultures grown at pH 5.8 and pH 7.0 were used to inoculate acid peats (pH 4.5, pH 5.0, pH 5.5 and pH 6.0) and the peats were then inoculated into acid soils (pH 4.50 and pH 5.30 and pH 5.52). The peat inoculum at pH 4.5 performed better in Badgingarra acid soil at pH 4.50. Peat prepared using cultures grown at pH 5.8 performed better in Lancelin sand than peat prepared using cultures grown at pH 7.0. However, this effect was not observed using these inocula in Bodallin and Badgingarra soils. In conclusion, acid tolerance response was inducible in S. medicae WSM 419. The cells of WSM 419 grown at pH 5.8 were more tolerant of an acid shock than cells previously grown at pH 7.0. Indeed, the growth pH affected the rate of cell death and the boundaries of the four-zone response model. The tolerance of WSM 419 to an acid shock in the laboratory was not reflected with the symbiotic performance of WSM 419 in acid soils. Thus, even though growth pH affected the level of population that develop in acid soils, it seems that this does not get reflected in the capacity of WSM 419 to nodulate M. polymorpha. The pH of the growth medium of inoculum cultures of WSM 419 affected the level of population that develop in acid peats, and the pH of the peat did not affect the level of increase in the population of WSM 419 during incubation. All the acid peat inocula contained greater population of rhizobia than that proposed as an acceptable standard for Australian manufacturers. Thus, it may be possible to manipulate the growth pH of inoculum cultures of WSM 419 to enhance their growth in acid peat. The pH of the growth medium of inoculum cultures together with the pH of the peats may alter their performance in acid soils

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT POTENSIAL PADA TANAH KONVENSIONAL DAN TANAH ORGANIK

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria are decomposer bacteria functioning as major role in soilenrichment. That is because it is able to perform phosphate dissolution mechanism by excreting lowparticles weight of organic acids. The bacteria utilize simple carbon compounds (rootexudatesofplantsandthe restof theplant).Phosphate solubilizing bacteria activity will be high at atemperature of 300C - 400C. This study aims to isolate and identify thephosphate solubilizingbacteria intheconventional soil and organic soil originated from Japan. Conventional and organic soil sample aresent from Collage Of Agricultural Ibaraki University in Japan. The Isolation of pathogenic bacteria isperformed by the dilution method (platting method). Results of isolation of bacteria lisolates obtained 2on ground phosphate conventional solubilizing (TKO1 andTKO2) and 4 isolates of bacteria onsoilorganicsolubilizingphosphate(TOR1, TOR2, TOR3andTOR4). Bacteria lisolates TKO2 highestphosphate solubilizing. Based on the identificati on results using the Microgen ™ Kit GNA + B - IDSystem and Determine Bergeys 's Manual of Biology (Garrity et al., 2006)TKO2 isolate is identified asYersinia sp.Keywords : Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, conventional soil, organic soil, Yersinia sp