Therapeutic Jurisprudence: the Application to an England and Wales Review Court

Whilst the Therapeutic Jurisprudence ("TJ") paradigm and related movements have proliferated across jurisdictions worldwide, England and Wales has significantly lagged behind. This thesis examines the therapeutic quality of Manchester Review Court ("MRC") using TJ lenses. MRC is a specialist court in England and Wales, which possesses a problem-solving rationale by bringing offenders back for regular review of recovery and law-compliance on the core Drug Rehabilitation Requirement ("DRR") component. There is no detail of MRC in the accessible literature, no mention on the UK Justice Innovation website, not in the media, not in any policy document, nor is there a court handbook or website outlining objectives and expected practice. However, MRC arguably represents the remains of the six England and Wales Drug Court pilots, established during the early noughties, and which since appear to have been closed down. In the absence of available literature, the aim of this thesis is to provide a groundwork of knowledge to a significantly underexplored area. Positing both "wine" and "bottle" (Wexler, 2014) level research questions, it uses mixed methods (standardised observations, surveys, and interviews) as well as an enveloping ethnographic stage to answer the two-tiered questions within an overall qualitative genre. The methods are justified using the Critical Realism paradigm and data points are brought together using a triangulation rationale within a broader case study approach. One of the original contributions of this thesis is positing a new empirical tool to measure the therapeutic quality of the wine ("judicial interpersonal skills") within problem-solving court contexts. To do so, it uses Principal Component Analysis to arrange eighteen sub-skills on three measurement scales: "harnessing therapeutic support", "engaging therapeutic dialogue" and "inspiring therapeutic change". Implementing these scales for measurement of the "wine" data suggests that the magistrates' interpersonal skills at MRC were largely TJ infused and the most prominent of the eighteen sub-skills exhibited within their interactions were: "understanding the complexity of Alcohol and Other Drugs recovery", "motivating individual", "giving the offender a voice", and "setting realistic goals". However, extending the analysis towards the bottle (laws, provisions, rules, and procedures), the data indicates that the wine was operated within a significantly anti-therapeutic bottle. Where England and Wales' current criminal justice system is emphasising privatisation, centralisation, and austerity measures, the bottle remains unfriendly and is thwarting effective application of TJ at MRC. If MRC were repackaged in a way that subscribes to the current criminal justice climate without eroding other core values and priorities, this would invariably pave way for a more successful future for problem-solving court craft. This, in turn, could help in tackling deep-seated current social and human issues surrounding recidivism, addiction, and austerity

Challenging the brain disease model of addiction: European launch of the addiction theory network

Challenging the brain disease model of addiction: European launch of the addiction theory networ

The significance of the judge within the choices and consequences and prolific intensive schemes: international lessons for England and Wales and back again

This research paper examines the significance of the judges in the problem-solving courts of England and Wales’s Choices and Consequences (C2) and Prolific Intensive (PI) programmes using the lenses and language of therapeutic jurisprudence. These unique schemes mobilise an intensive combination of strict control measures (with a view to deterring people from reoffending) alongside a personalised package of rehabilitative support overseen by a judge in a problem-solving court. Our findings strongly indicate that the judge-led problem-solving court is the bedrock of the schemes. Acknowledging that this practice relies upon strong leadership from a judge as a community convener with the authority and profile to initiate and sustain the programme, this paper identifies the strengths and barriers that this finding may pose. Our data also points to the difficulties of achieving support for the model at all judicial levels. Readiness (or lack of) within judges in the future could hamper the prospects of both current and new schemes. Moreover, finding a judge with a susceptible personality lowers chances. The authors conclude that the UK’s current punitive, rapid results ethos of the justice system is not working. The international problem-solving court movement has shown that long-term success often ensues when practices are embedded into a broader culture of rehabilitative justice supported by visible communities. By tapping into the broader international community, the key will be a changing cultural process to make keen and compatible judges easier to come by

DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STRUCTURAL ZIRCONIUM ELEMENTS FOR NUCLEAR ENGINEERING

irconium is used as a structural material for use in aggressive environments, including the core of nuclear reactors. The traditional technology of manufacturing the structural elements of zirconium nuclear reactors is characterized by a long technological process and a significant amount of waste in the form of metal shavings. The paper presents the results of an alternative technology, spark plasma sintering, for manufacturing zirconium products. A complex of microstructural and mechanical studies of the obtained samples was carried out according to the ASTMB-351 standard. The sintering of zirconium powder and options for subsequent processing by various methods, including non-standard ones such as radial shear rolling, are justified. Keywords: zirconium; powder metallurgy; spark plasma sintering; microstructure; rheological; dilatometric studie

OBTAINING OF UFG STRUCTURE OF ZR-1% NB ALLOY BY RADIAL-SHEAR ROLLING

An overview of the prospects for the development of nuclear technologies and the conclusion of the relevant requirements for advanced structural materials, their classification and features were described. In order to obtain a bar with a modified radiation-resistant outer layer, an experiment on radial-shear rolling of the Zr-1% Nb alloy in conditions favorable for the UFG structure formation was conducted. In the process of radial-shear rolling of round bars along the route 37 mm → 20 mm in diameters with a total deformation of ≈ 70 %, a microstructure of submicron size was obtained. The nature of the microstructure is equiaxed with mainly high-angle boundaries and large crystallographic misorientation of the grains that is the most promising from the point of view of radiation resistance

Investigation of the Influence of Hot Forging Parameters on the Closing Conditions of Internal Metallurgical Defects in Zirconium Alloy Ingots

In this article, we present research results on the closing conditions of internal metallurgical discontinuities during the hot elongation operation of a Zr-1%Nb alloy ingot using physical and numerical modeling. Research on the influence of thermal and deformation parameters of elongation operations on the rheological behavior of a Zr-1% Nb alloy was conducted using the Gleeble 3800 metallurgical process simulator. Modeling of the influence of thermal–mechanical parameters of hot elongation operations in combinations of rhombic and flat anvils on the closure of metallurgical discontinuities was performed with the help of the FORGE®NxT 2.1 program. Based on the results of the research, recommendations were made regarding forging elongation technology and the geometry of working tools in order to ensure the closure of metallurgical discontinuities during hot elongation operations of Zr-1% Nb alloy ingots

USING OF RADIAL-SHEAR ROLLING TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURE AND RADIATION RESISTANCE OF ZIRCONIUM-BASED ALLOYS

An overview of the prospects for the development of nuclear technologies and the conclusion of the relevant requirements for advanced structural materials, their classification and features were performed. In order to obtain a bar with a modified radiation-resistant outer layer, an experiment of radial-shear rolling under the most stringent conditions was carried out. For the same conditions, a FEM-simulation of sequential rolling in eight passes with a total compression of 70.7% (from a diameter of 37 mm to 20 mm) was conducted. For adequate simulation results a new material database for Zr-1%Nb alloy using plastometry investigations was generated. An experimental obtaining of a gradient-modified structure with an ultrafine-grained (UFG) periphery and an elongated rolling texture in the center of the bar was performed