コトガラ ノ ジカンテキ コウゾウ ニンシキ ト ジセイ シヨウ ニツイテ

Present tense in many languages does not only denote an actual event occurring at speech time but also has some usages that cannot be explained by a mere time relationship: generic and habitual usages. We show that these will be explained in terms of mental process in speaker's brain as a result of interplay of the memory of perceptions and experiences in past and perception at present time. We further exemplify how knwolege of a generic fact is obtained from a specific happening. This mental process explains why present tense gives strong reality to a sentence using it. Next, we show that some Jananese past expressions must be considered as a result of interplay of memory and present perception, not as an expression of direct perception of a past event. This means that cognition of temporal structure in an overall flow of time plays an essential role. The same type of cognition applies to a German adverb schon, too

バンドウ フリョ シュウヨウジョ ノ ドイツヘイ ガ オオアサヒコ ジンジャ ケイダイ ニ ツクッタ ハシ ト コウエン

German prisoners in the Bandō prisoner-of-war (POW) camp made bridges and a park in the forest of the Ooasahiko-Jinja Shrine during 1917-1919. Details of the constructions were a 15 m-long wood bridge and five small wood bridges, four stone bridges, road with a total length of 1,130 m, stone embankments, slopes, two flights of stone steps with a length of 8 m and 3 m according to the record written by Adolf Deutschmann who planned and directed the work. Two stone bridges called Doitsu-bashi (German bridge) and Megane-bashi (glasses bridge) remain and the Doitsu-bashi has been designated as a cultural asset of Tokushima prefecture. However, other constructions have been disappeared or became unclear now. In this study, we tried to clarify their precise place and history using an old map of the Ooasahiko-Jinja Shrine, photos and pictures of German prisoners, and interview to an old resident who participated in improvement of the forest around 1970. Results indicated that the road and the stone bridge still remain in some part. In addition to Adolf Deutschmann we found that Max Bunge was an important member of the work. He has not been noticed in previous studies of the Bandō POW camp, although he was a famous person in the German community in Qingdao by some heroic behaviors, and that he became a mayor of his hometown Heiligenhafen after he was released from the camp. He wrote about beautiful nature of the shrine’s forest and about his sympathy to faith of Japanese pilgrims who he saw during construction work

Methods for sequential resonance assignment in solid, uniformly 13C, 15N labelled peptides: Quantification and application to antamanide

The application of adiabatic polarization-transfer experiments to resonance assignment in solid, uniformly 13C-15N-labelled polypeptides is demonstrated for the cyclic decapeptide antamanide. A homonuclear correlation experiment employing the DREAM sequence for adiabatic dipolar transfer yields a complete assignment of the Cα and aliphatic side-chain 13C resonances to amino acid types. The same information can be obtained from a TOBSY experiment using the recently introduced P91 12 TOBSY sequence, which employs the J couplings as a transfer mechanism. A comparison of the two methods is presented. Except for some aromatic phenylalanine resonances, a complete sequence-specific assignment of the 13C and 15N resonances in antamanide is achieved by a series of selective or broadband adiabatic triple-resonance experiments. Heteronuclear transfer by adiabatic-passage Hartmann-Hahn cross polarization is combined with adiabatic homonuclear transfer by the DREAM and rotational-resonance tickling sequences into two- and three-dimensional experiments. The performance of these experiments is evaluated quantitativel

The Telescope Array Experiment: The Search for The Clusters in The Northern Hemisphere Sky with A Large Scintillator Array

In addition to the existence of extremely high energy cosmic rays (EHECRs) above GZK cutoff, the results of AGASA shows the clustering of EHECRs above 1019.6 eV. Confirming such clusters and identifying the corresponding astronomical object is crucial to understand the origin of EHECRs. The northern hemisphere sky is ideal for this purpose since the deflection by the galactic magnetic field is expected to be small and uniform compared to the southern hemisphere. In this paper, we report a design of the large ground array placed at the center of the hybrid-TA experiment. The array has an acceptance 9 times larger than AGASA. Using this detector, the cluster in the northern hemisphere will be searched with an angular resolution better than 1 degree

Methods for sequential resonance assignment in solid, uniformly 13C, 15N labelled peptides: Quantification and application to antamanide

ISSN:0925-2738ISSN:1573-500

Principles of stroboscopic detection of nuclear forward-scattered synchrotron radiation

The basic principles of stroboscopic detection of nuclear resonant forward-scattered synchrotron radiation are discussed. It is explained how the experiment can be configured in such a way that energy-resolved spectra with a straightforward interpretation are obtained. The theory is supported by a set of experimental spectra on the single-line compound potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate. Further, it is shown that a stroboscopic measurement is equivalent to an interferometer experiment. Finally, a comparison of stroboscopic detection and other Mössbauer techniques is given.SCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe